Since the linked employer-employee data tend to be confidential, the project relies on a network of researchers at universities, research institutes and government institutions with access to the linked employer employee data in their country.
LinkEED 2.0
The objective of LinkEED 2.0 is to enhance our understanding of the role of policies in inclusive growth through innovative analytical work based on the use of linked employer-employee data in different OECD countries. These data are typically drawn from administrative sources related to the social security and tax system and in some cases mandatory employer surveys. Since the linked employer-employee data tend to be confidential, the project relies on a network of researchers at universities, research institutes and government institutions with access to the linked employer employee data in their country. The network is continuously expanding and currently covers almost forty researchers and twenty OECD countries.
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| Name | Role | Affiliation |
|---|---|---|
Alexander Hijzen | Project leader | OECD |
César Barreto | OECD | |
Jonas Fluchtmann | OECD | |
| Sérgio Pinto | OECD | |
Agnès Puymoyen | OECD | |
Ana Damas de Matos | OECD |
| Name | Role | Country of representation | Affiliation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jonathan Hambur | Australia | Reserve Bank of Australia | |
| Gulnara Nolan | Australia | Reserve Bank of Australia | |
| Matt Nolan | Australia | e61 Institute | |
| Pelin Akyol | Australia | e61 Institute | |
| Wouter Zwysen | Belgium | ETUI | |
| Winnie Chan | Canada | Statistics Canada | |
| Tahsin Mehdi | Canada | Statistics Canada | |
| Lukas Delgado-Prieto | Colombia | University of Oslo | |
| Paolo Santini | Denmark | Copenhagen Business School | |
| Anne Sophie Lassen | Denmark | Copenhagen Business School and WZB Berlin | |
| Rune Vejlin | Denmark | Aarhus University | |
| Yajna Govind | France | Copenhagen Business School | |
| Marco Palladino | Co-lead gender | France | Banque de France |
| Stefano Lombardi | Co-lead displacement | Finland | VATT |
| Benjamin Lochner | Germany | IAB and Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg | |
| Balázs Muraközy | Hungary | University of Liverpool | |
| Domenico Depalo | Italy | Bank of Italy | |
| Eliana Viviano | Co-lead mobility | Italy | Bank of Italy |
| Salvatore Lattanzio | Italy | Bank of Italy | |
| Marta De Philippis | Italy | Bank of Italy | |
| Gaetano Basso | Italy | Bank of Italy | |
| Jose Garcia-Louzao | Lithuania | Bank of Lithuania | |
| Jordy Meekes | Netherlands | University of Leiden | |
| Nazila Alinaghi | New Zealand | Reserve Bank of New Zealand | |
| Lucas Chen | New Zealand | Reserve Bank of New Zealand | |
| Antoine Bertheau | Co-lead gender | Norway | Norwegian School of Economics |
| Astrid Kunze | Norway | Norwegian School of Economics | |
| Patrick Bennett | Co-lead mobility | Norway | University of Liverpool |
| Kjell Salvanes | Norway | Norwegian School of Economics | |
| Filipe Bento Caires | Portugal | European University Institute | |
| Jaime Arellano-Bover | Co-lead migration | Spain | Yale |
| Oskar Nordstrom-Skans | Scientific advisor | Sweden | Uppsala University |
| Andrei Gorshkov | Sweden | IFAU | |
| Dogan Gülümser | Sweden | Uppsala University | |
| Alex Bryson | United Kingdom | UCL | |
| John Forth | United Kingdom | City University | |
| Christina Palmou | United Kingdom | ONS | |
| Marta Lachowska | United States | Upjohn Institute | |
| Erik Vickstrom | United States | Census Bureau |
Spotlight on displaced workers
The net-zero transition induces a contraction of high-emission sectors, which account for 80% of GHG emissions but only 7% of employment. Workers in these sectors face greater earnings losses after job displacement, averaging a 36% decrease over 5-6 years after job loss compared to 29% in other sectors. Policies that support incomes and facilitate job transitions are essential to mitigate these losses and ensure continued support for the net-zero transition.
Latest insights
“Low-wage employment in France: A cross-country perspective”
OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, No. 313,
"The role of bargaining and discrimination in the gender wage gap in France"
OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working paper, No. 315
"Job displacement in high-emission industries: Implications for the net zero transition"
OECD (2024), OECD Employment Outlook 2024: The Net-Zero Transition and the Labour Market,
The“clean energy transition” and the cost of job displacement in energy-intensive industries
OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers , No. 310
Events
IZA/Leiden University/OECD workshop “Recent Advances in Labor Economics Using Linked Employer-Employee Data”
22–23 May, The Hague
Call for papers submission deadline: 14 February
IZA/OECD Workshop, “Applications with LinkEED Employer-Employee data”
April 10, 2024, OECD, Paris
IZA/OECD Policy Seminar, “Mobilising linked employer-employee data for evidence-based policy”
April 9, 2024, OECD, Paris
Workstreams
The work for LinkEED 2.0 is structured in five workstreams. The work for each workstream is led by a core team consisting of OECD staff and external network members.
Job displacement in the net-zero transition will create new opportunities but also raises concerns about the risk of job displacement. This workstream analyses the consequences of job displacement for workers in high-emission industries and how policies can best support displaced workers.
- César Barreto (OECD & FAU), Jonas Fluchtmann (OECD), Alexander Hijzen (OECD & IZA), Stefano Lombardi (VATT, IFAU, IZA & UCLS), Patrick Bennett (University of Liverpool & IZA), Antoine Bertheau (NHH & IZA), Winnie Chan (Statistics Canada), Andrei Gorshkov (Uppsala University), Jonathan Hambur (Reserve Bank of Australia), Nick Johnstone (IEA), Benjamin Lochner (FAU, IAB & IZA), Jordy Meekes (Leiden University & IZA), Tahsin Mehdi (Statistics Canada), Balázs Muraközy (University of Liverpool), Gulnara Nolan (Reserve Bank of Australia), Kjell Salvanes (NHH & IZA), Oskar Nordström Skans (Uppsala University, UCLS, IZA & IFAU), Rune Vejlin (Aarhus University and IZA), "Clean energy transition” and the cost of job displacement in energy-intensive industries", OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, No. 310.
- Barreto, C., Fluchtmann, J., Hijzen, A. and Puymoyen, A. (2024), “Job Displacement in High-Emission Industries: Implications for the Net-Zero Transition”, in OECD Employment Outlook 2024: The Net-Zero Transition and the Labour Market, OECD Publishing, Paris.
- Barreto, C., Grundke, R. and Krill, Z. (2023), "The cost of job loss in carbon-intensive sectors: Evidence from Germany", OECD Economics Department Working Papers, No. 1774.
Gender wage gap remain stubbornly high in most OECD countries. This workstream analyses the drivers of the gender wage gaps within and between firms as well as how policies can help to reduce them.
- Palladino M., Bertheau A., Barreto C., Gülümser D., Hijzen A., Lassen A. S., Muraközy B. and Skans O. N. (2024), "The role of bargaining and discrimination in the gender wage gap in France: A cross-country perspective". OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, No. 315
This workstream analyses how job mobility between firms can promote the integration of migrants. It looks at the extent to which migrants are segregated between workplaces, they sort in low-wage firms and they climb the job ladder as they gain experience in the country
In most OECD countries, aggregate wage and productivity growth have been persistently weak. This not only is undermining the ability to support rising standards of living but also intensifies questions about the way incomes are distributed. This workstream analyses the role of job mobility in reviving aggregate wage and productivity growth by enhancing a more efficient allocation of resources across firms. It also analyses the consequences of job mobility for the depth of inequalities over the life-course and how policies can promote opportunities for career progression.
- Hijzen, A., Zwysen, W. and Lillehagen, M. (2021) "Job mobility, reallocation and wage growth: A tale of two countries", OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, No. 254. Please forthcoming in European Journal of Industrial Relations, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/09596801241278135
- Barreto, C. et al. (2025), “Low-wage employment in France: A cross-country perspective”, OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, No. 313
This workstream mobilises linked employer-employee data to conduct high-quality evaluations of structural reforms and labour market policies in OECD countries.
- Hijzen, A., Montenegro, M. and Pessoa, A. (2023), "Minimum wages in a dual labour market: Evidence from the 2019 minimum-wage hike in Spain", OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, No. 298.
LinkEED 1.0
LinkEED 2.0 builds on an earlier OECD project that specifically focused on the role of firms in wage inequality.