Gender inequalities persist in all areas of social and economic life and across countries.
Young women in OECD countries generally obtain more years of schooling than young
men, but women are less likely than men to engage in paid work. Gaps widen with age,
as motherhood typically has marked negative effects on gender pay gaps and career
advancement. Women are also less likely to be entrepreneurs, and are underrepresented
in private and public leadership positions.The 2013 and 2015 OECD Gender Recommendations
provide guidance on how to advance gender equality in education, employment, entrepreneurship
and public life; this book discusses recent developments in these areas in one overview
chapter and 24 short chapters which each include key findings and policy recommendations.
Topics include violence against women, gender budgeting, the unequal sharing of unpaid
work, labour market outcomes and migration. The book presents a range of indicators
illustrating gender gaps. It also discusses recent policy initiatives, such as pay
transparency measures to reduce gender wage gaps and policy reform aimed at fathers
taking parental leave. Overall, progress has been slow and there is a strong need
for further policy action to close gender gaps in education, employment, entrepreneurship
and public life.
Foreword and acknowledgements |
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Acronyms and conventional signs |
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Executive summary |
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Gender equality: A global overview5 chapters available
Gender equality in the OECD and around the world: An overview |
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Sustainable development goals and gender equality |
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Governance for gender equality |
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Socio-demographic change and gender roles |
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Violence against women: A new policy priority for OECD countries |
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Gender equality in education5 chapters available
Where girls still lag behind in education |
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The under-representation of women in STEM fields |
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Boys fall behind at school, but catch up shortly thereafter |
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Boys and men are under-represented in health studies and among teachers |
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Gender gaps in financial literacy and financial education |
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Gender equality in employment13 chapters available
Women at work: A snapshot of women in the labour force |
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The gender wage gap |
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Barriers to women's career path and income mobility |
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Glass ceilings still unbroken |
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Gender inequality in unpaid work |
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A good start for equal parenting: Paid parental leave |
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Childcare supports: Helping both parents in paid work |
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Flexible working arrangements |
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Gender gaps in education and labour markets of emerging economies |
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Gender inequality in the Middle East and North Africa: Women's participation in economic
and public life
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Women on the move |
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Gender, health and labour force participation |
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Going digital: The future of work for women |
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Gender equality in entrepreneurship2 chapters available
Gender gaps in entrepreneurship persist |
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Policies to address barriers to women entrepreneurs |
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