Revenue Statistics in Latin America and the Caribbean 2025

4. Tax levels and tax structures, 1990-2023

In all of the following tables a (..) indicates not available. The main series in this volume cover the years 1990 to 2023.

Figures referring to 1991-99, 2001-04, 2006-09, 2011-17 in Tables 4.1 to 4.2 and Tables 4.15 to 4.17, figures relating to 1991-99, 2001-09 and 2011-21 in Tables 4.5 to 4.10 and figures relating to 1990-94, 1996-99 and 2001-22 in Tables 4.11 to 4.13 have been omitted because of lack of space. Complete series are, however, available online at https://oe.cd/globalrevstats and in the database OECD (2025), “Revenue Statistics in Latin America and the Caribbean: Comparative tables”, OECD Tax Statistics, http://data-explorer.oecd.org/s/e1.

Table 4.1. Total tax revenue as % of GDP, 1990-2023

	1990	2000	2005	2010	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Antigua and Barbuda1	..	11.0	13.8	18.8	18.3	17.6	19.2	18.6	18.1	17.9
Argentina	13.3	19.2	24.5	29.1	28.5	28.5	29.7	29.1	29.6	27.8
Bahamas1	9.7	12.2	11.2	12.7	17.0	19.2	18.2	18.3	19.6	19.9
Barbados	24.5	28.6	28.3	26.4	30.3	29.2	31.0	28.7	29.0	28.1
Belize1	16.4	14.6	16.9	21.0	24.4	25.0	21.8	22.3	23.1	24.0
Bolivia	6.5	17.6	20.0	22.9	25.0	24.7	22.2	22.6	23.7	23.9
Brazil	27.8	29.4	32.7	31.8	32.0	31.9	30.5	32.1	32.5	32.0
Chile	16.8	18.7	20.8	19.7	21.3	21.0	19.3	22.3	23.8	20.6
Colombia	11.3	15.7	18.3	18.1	19.3	19.7	18.8	19.2	19.7	22.2
Costa Rica	22.4	21.1	21.8	22.1	23.2	23.4	22.6	24.8	25.2	24.9
Cuba2	31.9	37.2	41.1	37.2	42.3	42.1	37.5	17.7	18.3	17.0
Dominican Republic	8.3	12.1	13.8	12.2	13.1	13.4	12.5	14.5	13.9	14.3
Ecuador1	7.1	11.6	13.8	16.8	21.1	19.9	18.7	19.4	20.9	20.6
El Salvador	11.3	14.2	17.0	18.7	21.3	21.0	21.7	23.1	23.3	22.8
Guatemala	7.9	11.7	13.1	12.5	13.2	13.0	12.4	14.1	14.3	14.0
Guyana	15.2	15.7	17.6	16.0	22.2	23.2	21.3	16.8	10.6	11.6
Honduras	12.4	17.2	17.9	18.2	21.9	21.6	19.6	21.5	21.6	21.0
Jamaica	20.3	22.2	23.3	24.9	27.4	28.4	27.9	26.5	27.9	29.0
Mexico	11.5	10.9	10.9	12.3	15.7	15.9	17.2	16.7	16.8	17.7
Nicaragua1	..	14.3	17.4	19.3	23.2	25.5	25.4	27.0	27.8	27.5
Panama1	16.6	15.5	13.6	16.3	13.5	12.6	12.0	11.7	11.9	11.9
Paraguay	8.5	11.6	10.7	12.1	13.9	13.9	13.5	13.9	14.6	14.5
Peru	11.3	15.1	16.4	17.5	16.3	16.5	15.2	18.0	19.1	17.0
Saint Lucia1	..	19.3	19.4	20.6	20.7	20.9	21.5	19.5	20.0	20.8
Trinidad and Tobago	23.3	21.9	28.3	28.7	22.2	23.7	21.5	21.8	24.8	24.2
Uruguay	18.3	21.3	22.9	24.2	26.6	26.1	26.6	25.9	27.0	27.4
Venezuela3	21.2	13.5	15.9	11.8	..	..	..	..	..	..
Unweighted average
LAC4	14.6	16.9	18.6	19.7	21.3	21.4	20.8	21.0	21.4	21.3
OECD5	30.9	32.9	32.6	31.5	33.5	33.4	33.5	34.1	34.0	33.9

.. Not available

Note: The figures exclude local government revenues for Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina (but include provincial revenues), the Bahamas, Barbados, Cuba (except for 2002-2012), the Dominican Republic, Saint Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago and Venezuela as the data are not available. Local government revenue data have been available since 1991 for Nicaragua, since 1994 for Bolivia, since 1995 for Guatemala, since 1998 for Jamaica, since 1999 for Panama, since 2000 for Peru, since 2002 for El Salvador and Guyana, since 2006 for Paraguay and since 1990 for all other countries.

1. The data include the following estimations: Antigua and Barbuda (social security contributions for 2019-2023), the Bahamas (social security contributions for 2022 and 2023), Belize (social security contributions for 2023), Ecuador (local tax revenues for 2021-2023), Nicaragua (local tax revenues for 2022 and 2023), Panama (local tax revenues for 2023) and Saint Lucia (social security contributions for 2021-2023). See the corresponding country tables for more information.

2. Figures in and after 2021 are not comparable to data in previous years due to large changes as a result of Cuba’s currency reform.

3. Some tax revenue data are not available between 2014 and 2017 and therefore total figures have not been included. Data for 2018 and subsequent years are not available.

4. Represents the group of 26 Latin American and Caribbean countries included in this publication and excludes Cuba (up to 2020) and Venezuela due to data issues. Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica and Mexico are also part of the OECD (38) group.

5. Calculated by applying the unweighted average percentage change for 2023 in the 36 countries providing data for that year to the overall average tax to GDP ratio in 2022.

Table 4.2. Total tax revenue in millions of USD at market exchange rates, 1990-2023

	1990	2000	2005	2010	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Antigua and Barbuda1	..	99	158	244	305	304	271	298	338	358
Argentina	20 952	61 084	48 885	123 456	149 532	127 342	114 586	141 578	186 901	179 720
Bahamas1	505	965	1 060	1 277	2 120	2 486	2 076	1 869	2 437	2 789
Barbados	513	946	1 225	1 368	1 717	1 721	1 491	1 621	1 866	1 927
Belize1	89	159	247	370	565	577	467	564	667	752
Bolivia	317	1 478	1 910	4 527	10 136	10 173	8 176	9 213	10 498	10 848
Brazil	133077	192 661	291 345	701 456	613 148	598 172	449 511	536 248	635 124	695 635
Chile	5 828 792	14 644 516	25 484 269	42 754 388	62 866 294	58 366 571	48 974 473	70 443 317	72 026 127	69 168 776
Colombia	5 135 638	14 655 089	26 585 044	51 845 953	64 383 955	63 612 601	50 751 330	61 135 660	67 863 992	80 860 660
Costa Rica	1 285 347	3 173 773	4 363 692	8 334 202	14 454 745	15 079 119	14 080 212	16 139 676	17 439 874	21 564 689
Cuba2	6 870	11 367	17 528	23 949	42 307	43 504	40 263	4 022	2 578	2 005
Dominican Republic	664	2 951	4 946	6 600	11 237	11 935	9 854	13 683	15 878	17 403
Ecuador1	1078	2 125	5 724	11 693	22 656	21 501	18 543	20 647	24 070	24 472
El Salvador	543	1 669	2 497	3 447	5 545	5 640	5 404	6 716	7 438	7 761
Guatemala	593	2 129	3 560	5 153	9 643	10 018	9 652	12 166	13 677	14 634
Guyana	104	234	302	549	1 061	1 200	1 168	1 355	1 556	1 961
Honduras	515	1 219	1 736	2 867	5 239	5 349	4 543	5 999	6 743	7 186
Jamaica	1 027	1 998	2 617	3 286	4 338	4 514	3 842	4 093	4 982	5 671
Mexico	36 267 087	81 139 131	99 696 558	135 821 608	197 350 868	207 419 542	193 092 009	219 626 575	245 850 458	317 512 349
Nicaragua1	..	733	1 097	1 693	3 025	3 244	3 223	3 824	4 353	4 900
Panama1	948	1 942	2 257	4 793	9 107	8 782	6 866	7 862	9 141	9 960
Paraguay	494	1 029	1 146	3 286	5 575	5 289	4 791	5 535	6 109	6 238
Peru	3198	7 604	12 181	26 116	37 063	38 502	31 417	40 737	46 618	45 309
Saint Lucia1	..	178	227	307	429	437	342	387	472	512
Trinidad and Tobago	1 158	1 746	4 414	6 261	5 449	5 686	4 630	5 142	7 098	6 919
Uruguay	2 051	5 303	4 351	10 618	17 404	16 273	14 288	15 725	18 951	21 173
Venezuela3	10 259	12 758	23 076	38 220	..	..	..	..	..	..

.. Not available

Note: The figures exclude local government revenues for Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina (but include provincial revenues), the Bahamas, Barbados, Cuba (except for 2002-2012), the Dominican Republic, Saint Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago and Venezuela as the data are not available. Local government revenue data have been available since 1991 for Nicaragua, since 1994 for Bolivia, since 1995 for Guatemala, since 1998 for Jamaica, since 1999 for Panama, since 2000 for Peru, since 2002 for El Salvador and Guyana, since 2006 for Paraguay and since 1990 for all other countries.

1. The data include the following estimations: Antigua and Barbuda (social security contributions for 2019-2023), the Bahamas (social security contributions for 2022 and 2023), Belize (social security contributions for 2023), Ecuador (local tax revenues for 2021-2023), Nicaragua (local tax revenues for 2022 and 2023), Panama (local tax revenues for 2023) and Saint Lucia (social security contributions for 2021-2023). See the corresponding country tables for more information.

2. Figures in 2021 and thereafter are not comparable to data in previous years due to large changes as a result of Cuba’s currency reform.

3. Some tax revenue data are not available between 2014 and 2017 and therefore total figures have not been included. Data for 2018 and subsequent years are not available.

Table 4.3. Tax revenue of main headings as % of GDP, 2023

	1000 Income & profits	2000 Social security	3000 Payroll	4000 Property	5000 Goods and services	6000 Others
Antigua and Barbuda1	2.0	3.2	0.0	1.2	11.4	0.0
Argentina	4.6	5.1	0.0	2.8	15.2	0.1
Bahamas1	0.0	2.2	0.0	2.0	15.7	0.0
Barbados	8.1	4.7	0.0	1.7	13.6	0.0
Belize1	5.6	2.6	0.0	1.2	14.6	0.0
Bolivia	2.9	5.7	0.0	0.2	12.3	2.7
Brazil	8.7	8.1	0.6	1.5	13.0	0.1
Chile	7.2	1.2	0.0	1.3	11.2	-0.3
Colombia	8.9	1.6	0.3	1.6	8.8	1.0
Costa Rica	5.3	8.9	1.5	0.5	8.3	0.5
Cuba	8.0	3.4	0.8	0.0	2.5	2.3
Dominican Republic	5.0	0.1	0.1	0.7	8.5	0.0
Ecuador1	4.8	5.1	0.0	0.6	10.1	-0.0
El Salvador	8.3	2.6	0.1	0.2	11.3	0.3
Guatemala	3.5	2.2	0.2	0.1	7.3	0.9
Guyana	6.1	1.0	0.0	0.2	4.2	0.1
Honduras	5.7	3.1	0.2	0.7	10.7	0.7
Jamaica	9.2	1.8	1.6	0.7	15.7	0.1
Mexico	7.9	2.4	0.5	0.3	6.2	0.4
Nicaragua1	9.0	5.9	0.0	0.3	11.9	0.3
Panama1	4.0	4.2	0.2	0.3	3.2	0.0
Paraguay	2.6	4.1	0.0	0.2	7.5	0.1
Peru	6.2	1.9	0.0	0.9	7.6	0.4
Saint Lucia1	4.6	2.4	0.0	0.5	13.2	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	15.4	2.5	0.0	0.2	6.2	0.0
Uruguay	7.2	7.3	0.0	2.1	10.6	0.2
Venezuela2	..	..	..	..	..	..
Unweighted average
LAC3	6.2	3.6	0.2	0.8	10.0	0.4
OECD4	12.3	8.7	0.5	1.8	10.6	0.2

.. Not available

Note: The figures exclude local government revenues for Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina (but include provincial revenues), the Bahamas, Barbados, Cuba (except for 2002-2012), the Dominican Republic, Saint Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago and Venezuela as the data are not available. Local government revenue data have been available since 1991 for Nicaragua, since 1994 for Bolivia, since 1995 for Guatemala, since 1998 for Jamaica, since 1999 for Panama, since 2000 for Peru, since 2002 for El Salvador and Guyana, since 2006 for Paraguay and since 1990 for all other countries.

1. The data include the following estimations: Antigua and Barbuda (social security contributions for 2019-2023), the Bahamas (social security contributions for 2022 and 2023), Belize (social security contributions for 2023), Ecuador (local tax revenues for 2021-2023), Nicaragua (local tax revenues for 2022 and 2023), Panama (local tax revenues for 2023) and Saint Lucia (social security contributions for 2021-2023). See the corresponding country tables for more information.

2. Data for 2018 and subsequent years are not available.

3. Represents the group of 26 Latin American and Caribbean countries included in this publication and excludes Cuba (up to 2020) and Venezuela due to data issues. Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica and Mexico are also part of the OECD (38) group.

4. Represents the unweighted average for OECD member countries. Data for 2022 are used as data for 2023 were not available at the time of publication.

Table 4.4. Tax revenue of main headings as % of total tax revenue, 2023

	1000 Income & profits	2000 Social security	3000 Payroll	4000 Property	5000 Goods and services	6000 Others
Antigua and Barbuda1	11.0	18.1	0.0	6.9	64.0	0.0
Argentina	16.5	18.2	0.0	10.0	54.8	0.5
Bahamas1	0.0	11.3	0.0	9.9	78.8	0.0
Barbados	28.7	16.8	0.0	6.1	48.3	0.0
Belize1	23.2	10.9	0.0	4.8	61.1	0.0
Bolivia	12.1	24.1	0.0	0.8	51.6	11.5
Brazil	27.1	25.2	1.8	4.8	40.7	0.4
Chile	35.2	5.6	0.0	6.5	54.2	-1.5
Colombia	40.1	7.3	1.4	7.4	39.5	4.3
Costa Rica	21.2	35.7	5.9	1.9	33.4	1.9
Cuba	47.2	19.8	4.5	0.0	14.7	13.7
Dominican Republic	34.9	0.4	0.5	5.1	59.2	0.0
Ecuador1	23.3	24.7	0.0	3.0	48.9	-0.0
El Salvador	36.2	11.4	0.6	0.8	49.7	1.4
Guatemala	24.8	15.4	1.1	0.7	51.8	6.3
Guyana	52.3	8.8	0.0	1.9	36.5	0.5
Honduras	27.2	14.6	0.8	3.1	51.0	3.3
Jamaica	31.7	6.2	5.4	2.3	54.1	0.3
Mexico	44.6	13.5	3.0	1.7	35.2	2.0
Nicaragua1	32.9	21.5	0.0	1.2	43.5	0.9
Panama1	33.7	35.0	2.0	2.5	26.5	0.3
Paraguay	18.0	28.4	0.0	1.3	51.7	0.6
Peru	36.3	11.1	0.1	5.4	45.0	2.1
Saint Lucia1	22.2	11.5	0.0	2.6	63.8	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	63.5	10.3	0.0	0.6	25.6	0.0
Uruguay	26.4	26.6	0.0	7.8	38.5	0.7
Venezuela2	..	..	..	..	..	..
Unweighted average
LAC3	29.6	16.6	1.0	3.8	47.0	1.9
OECD4	36.5	24.8	1.3	5.3	31.5	0.6

.. Not available

Note: The figures exclude local government revenues for Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina (but include provincial revenues), the Bahamas, Barbados, Cuba (except for 2002-2012), the Dominican Republic, Saint Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago and Venezuela as the data are not available. Local government revenue data have been available since 1991 for Nicaragua, since 1994 for Bolivia, since 1995 for Guatemala, since 1998 for Jamaica, since 1999 for Panama, since 2000 for Peru, since 2002 for El Salvador and Guyana, since 2006 for Paraguay and since 1990 for all other countries.

1. The data include the following estimations: Antigua and Barbuda (social security contributions for 2019-2023), the Bahamas (social security contributions for 2022 and 2023), Belize (social security contributions for 2023), Ecuador (local tax revenues for 2021-2023), Nicaragua (local tax revenues for 2022 and 2023), Panama (local tax revenues for 2023) and Saint Lucia (social security contributions for 2021-2023). See the corresponding country tables for more information.

2. Data for 2018 and subsequent years are not available.

3. Represents the group of 26 Latin American and Caribbean countries included in this publication and excludes Cuba (up to 2020) and Venezuela due to data issues. Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica and Mexico are also part of the OECD (38) group.

4. Represents the unweighted average for OECD member countries. Data for 2022 are used as data for 2023 were not available at the time of publication.

Table 4.5. Taxes on income and profits (1000) as % of GDP and as % of total tax revenue

	% of GDP					% of total tax revenue
	1990	2000	2010	2022	2023	1990	2000	2010	2022	2023
Antigua and Barbuda	..	1.5	2.6	1.4	2.0	..	14.0	14.0	7.8	11.0
Argentina	0.7	3.6	4.7	5.7	4.6	5.3	18.5	16.2	19.4	16.5
Bahamas	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbados	6.0	9.0	7.4	8.6	8.1	24.3	31.7	28.0	29.8	28.7
Belize	3.4	3.5	7.1	5.3	5.6	20.9	23.9	33.6	23.1	23.2
Bolivia	0.4	2.3	4.6	3.4	2.9	6.7	13.2	20.0	14.4	12.1
Brazil	5.1	5.7	6.7	9.0	8.7	18.3	19.5	21.0	27.7	27.1
Chile	3.9	4.4	7.5	10.4	7.2	23.2	23.3	38.2	43.7	35.2
Colombia	3.4	3.6	4.8	6.5	8.9	29.9	23.2	26.6	33.2	40.1
Costa Rica	2.3	2.8	3.8	5.4	5.3	10.0	13.2	17.1	21.5	21.2
Cuba1	0.1	6.0	5.6	8.6	8.0	0.2	16.1	15.0	46.8	47.2
Dominican Republic	2.1	2.7	2.7	4.4	5.0	25.7	22.0	21.7	31.6	34.9
Ecuador	0.9	1.5	4.2	4.6	4.8	12.9	12.6	25.0	22.1	23.3
El Salvador	2.0	3.6	5.4	8.5	8.3	17.6	25.7	28.9	36.4	36.2
Guatemala	1.5	2.3	2.3	3.5	3.5	19.2	19.9	18.6	24.2	24.8
Guyana	5.1	5.9	5.7	5.4	6.1	33.5	37.8	35.4	50.8	52.3
Honduras	2.5	2.7	4.4	6.3	5.7	20.3	15.9	24.3	29.1	27.2
Jamaica	9.5	9.0	9.2	7.5	9.2	47.0	40.4	36.9	26.9	31.7
Mexico	3.9	3.9	4.9	7.7	7.9	34.0	36.0	39.8	46.1	44.6
Nicaragua	..	1.8	4.5	9.0	9.0	..	12.3	23.1	32.5	32.9
Panama	3.8	3.9	4.5	3.7	4.0	22.9	25.0	27.5	30.7	33.7
Paraguay	1.0	1.5	1.6	3.0	2.6	12.1	13.1	13.4	20.6	18.0
Peru	0.7	2.9	6.1	7.4	6.2	6.2	19.1	34.6	38.7	36.3
Saint Lucia	..	5.5	5.6	4.4	4.6	..	28.6	27.1	22.2	22.2
Trinidad and Tobago	12.3	12.4	19.6	16.9	15.4	52.7	56.8	68.5	68.1	63.5
Uruguay	0.9	2.9	4.8	7.2	7.2	4.7	13.6	20.0	26.6	26.4
Venezuela2	17.7	5.8	3.6	..	..	83.7	43.2	30.7	..	..
Unweighted average
LAC3	3.2	4.0	5.4	6.3	6.2	20.3	22.4	26.4	29.8	29.6
OECD4	11.5	11.4	10.2	12.3	..	36.2	33.9	32.2	36.5	..

.. Not available

Note: The figures exclude local government revenues for Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina (but include provincial revenues), the Bahamas, Barbados, Cuba (except for 2002-2012), the Dominican Republic, Saint Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago and Venezuela as the data are not available. Local government revenue data have been available since 1991 for Nicaragua, since 1994 for Bolivia, since 1995 for Guatemala, since 1998 for Jamaica, since 1999 for Panama, since 2000 for Peru, since 2002 for El Salvador and Guyana, since 2006 for Paraguay and since 1990 for all other countries.

1. Figures in 2021 and thereafter are not comparable to data in previous years due to large changes as a result of Cuba’s currency reform.

2. Some tax revenue data between 2014 and 2017 are not available. In those years data as % of total tax revenue cannot be calculated. Data for 2018 and subsequent years are not available.

3. Represents the group of 26 Latin American and Caribbean countries included in this publication and excludes Cuba (up to 2020) and Venezuela due to data issues. Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica and Mexico are also part of the OECD (38) group.

4. Represents the unweighted average for OECD member countries.

Table 4.6. Social security contributions (2000) as % of GDP and as % of total tax revenue

	% of GDP					% of total tax revenue
	1990	2000	2010	2022	2023	1990	2000	2010	2022	2023
Antigua and Barbuda1	..	..	2.4	3.2	3.2	..	..	12.6	17.5	18.1
Argentina	3.4	3.0	6.2	5.2	5.1	25.3	15.8	21.2	17.7	18.2
Bahamas1	1.3	1.5	1.7	2.2	2.2	13.2	11.9	13.1	11.4	11.3
Barbados	3.2	4.5	5.5	4.8	4.7	13.1	15.6	20.6	16.6	16.8
Belize1	0.9	0.8	1.7	2.5	2.6	5.7	5.8	8.2	10.8	10.9
Bolivia	0.0	1.3	3.8	5.7	5.7	0.0	7.3	16.7	24.1	24.1
Brazil	6.8	7.0	8.1	7.9	8.1	24.3	23.7	25.6	24.3	25.2
Chile	1.5	1.4	1.3	1.0	1.2	9.0	7.3	6.8	4.1	5.6
Colombia	0.9	2.6	2.1	1.6	1.6	7.9	16.3	11.7	8.3	7.3
Costa Rica	6.5	6.4	7.3	8.8	8.9	28.9	30.4	33.1	34.8	35.7
Cuba2	3.5	3.9	4.6	2.6	3.4	11.0	10.4	12.4	14.4	19.8
Dominican Republic	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.8	1.0	0.8	0.6	0.4
Ecuador	1.6	1.2	3.7	5.0	5.1	22.5	10.7	21.7	24.0	24.7
El Salvador	2.2	2.8	2.5	2.6	2.6	19.2	19.5	13.6	11.2	11.4
Guatemala	1.3	1.8	1.9	2.1	2.2	16.5	15.5	15.2	14.7	15.4
Guyana	0.6	1.8	1.4	1.0	1.0	3.6	11.4	9.0	9.7	8.8
Honduras	1.0	1.6	2.9	3.3	3.1	8.5	9.4	15.9	15.2	14.6
Jamaica	..	..	0.7	1.5	1.8	..	..	2.9	5.5	6.2
Mexico	1.9	2.0	2.0	2.3	2.4	16.8	18.0	16.2	13.8	13.5
Nicaragua	..	2.6	4.3	6.3	5.9	..	18.0	22.4	22.8	21.5
Panama	5.7	5.9	5.5	4.3	4.2	34.2	38.2	33.7	36.2	35.0
Paraguay	0.4	3.0	2.8	4.0	4.1	4.8	25.6	22.7	27.7	28.4
Peru	0.9	1.8	1.9	1.9	1.9	8.3	12.0	10.7	10.0	11.1
Saint Lucia1	..	1.9	2.3	2.4	2.4	..	10.0	11.1	11.9	11.5
Trinidad and Tobago	0.9	1.4	1.9	2.3	2.5	3.7	6.4	6.7	9.4	10.3
Uruguay3	5.5	5.9	5.6	6.8	7.3	29.9	27.5	23.4	25.2	26.6
Venezuela4	1.0	0.7	1.0	..	..	4.9	5.4	8.1	..	..
Unweighted average
LAC5	2.2	2.7	3.2	3.5	3.6	14.1	15.5	15.8	16.2	16.6
OECD6	7.1	8.4	8.6	8.7	..	21.8	24.9	26.6	24.8	..

.. Not available

Note: The figures exclude local government revenues for Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina (but include provincial revenues), the Bahamas, Barbados, Cuba (except for 2002-2012), the Dominican Republic, Saint Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago and Venezuela as the data are not available. Local government revenue data have been available since 1991 for Nicaragua, since 1994 for Bolivia, since 1995 for Guatemala, since 1998 for Jamaica, since 1999 for Panama, since 2000 for Peru, since 2002 for El Salvador and Guyana, since 2006 for Paraguay and since 1990 for all other countries.

1. Revenues from social security contributions are estimated in the following countries: Antigua and Barbuda (2019-2023), the Bahamas (2022 and 2023), Belize (2023) and Saint Lucia (2021-2023).

2. Figures in 2021 and thereafter are not comparable to data in previous years due to large changes as a result of Cuba’s currency reform.

3. Figures for 1990-98 are estimated by the Direction General of Taxes as the methodology they use to calculate social security contributions was not employed until 1999.

4. Some tax revenue data between 2014 and 2017 are not available. In those years data as % of total tax revenue cannot be calculated. Data for 2018 and subsequent years are not available.

5. Represents the group of 26 Latin American and Caribbean countries included in this publication and excludes Cuba (up to 2020) and Venezuela due to data issues. Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica and Mexico are also part of the OECD (38) group.

6. Represents the unweighted average for OECD member countries.

Table 4.7. Taxes on payroll (3000) as % of GDP and as % of total tax revenue

	% of GDP					% of total tax revenue
	1990	2000	2010	2022	2023	1990	2000	2010	2022	2023
Antigua and Barbuda	..	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	..	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentina	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bahamas	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbados	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belize	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bolivia	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.6	1.6	1.5	1.7	1.7	1.8
Chile	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0.0	0.7	0.7	0.3	0.3	0.0	4.2	4.1	1.5	1.4
Costa Rica	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.5	6.4	6.3	5.9	5.7	5.9
Cuba1	0.0	3.2	6.9	1.0	0.8	0.0	8.5	18.4	5.4	4.5
Dominican Republic	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.6	0.5	0.5
Ecuador	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.6	0.6	0.6
Guatemala	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.0	0.0	1.1	1.1	1.1
Guyana	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduras	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.9	0.7	0.8
Jamaica	0.8	1.0	1.1	1.4	1.6	3.9	4.4	4.5	5.0	5.4
Mexico	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.5	0.5	1.8	1.5	2.2	2.9	3.0
Nicaragua	..	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	..	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Panama	0.0	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0	1.9	1.2	1.4	2.0
Paraguay	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0.0	0.7	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4.3	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saint Lucia	..	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	..	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguay	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela2	0.0	0.0	0.0	..	..	0.0	0.0	0.0	..	..
Unweighted average
LAC3	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.6	1.0	0.9	1.0	1.0
OECD4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.5	..	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.3	..

.. Not available

Note: The figures exclude local government revenues for Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina (but include provincial revenues), the Bahamas, Barbados, Cuba (except for 2002-2012), the Dominican Republic, Saint Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago and Venezuela as the data are not available. Local government revenue data have been available since 1991 for Nicaragua, since 1994 for Bolivia, since 1995 for Guatemala, since 1998 for Jamaica, since 1999 for Panama, since 2000 for Peru, since 2002 for El Salvador and Guyana, since 2006 for Paraguay and since 1990 for all other countries.

1. Figures in 2021 and thereafter are not comparable to data in previous years due to large changes as a result of Cuba’s currency reform.

2. Some tax revenue data between 2014 and 2017 are not available. In those years data as % of total tax revenue cannot be calculated. Data for 2018 and subsequent years are not available.

3. Represents the group of 26 Latin American and Caribbean countries included in this publication and excludes Cuba (up to 2020) and Venezuela due to data issues. Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica and Mexico are also part of the OECD (38) group.

4. Represents the unweighted average for OECD member countries.

Table 4.8. Taxes on property (4000) as % of GDP and as % of total tax revenue

	% of GDP					% of total tax revenue
	1990	2000	2010	2022	2023	1990	2000	2010	2022	2023
Antigua and Barbuda	..	0.5	1.4	1.9	1.2	..	4.9	7.5	10.6	6.9
Argentina	1.5	1.2	2.6	2.9	2.8	11.4	6.3	9.0	9.8	10.0
Bahamas	1.1	2.6	2.7	1.9	2.0	11.2	21.6	21.1	9.9	9.9
Barbados	3.5	1.6	1.3	1.9	1.7	14.4	5.7	4.8	6.4	6.1
Belize	3.2	0.6	0.6	1.0	1.2	19.2	4.2	3.1	4.3	4.8
Bolivia	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.0	1.2	1.1	0.8
Brazil	1.6	2.0	1.4	1.5	1.5	5.9	6.7	4.3	4.8	4.8
Chile	1.0	1.3	0.8	1.3	1.3	6.2	7.0	4.0	5.5	6.5
Colombia	0.2	1.0	1.6	1.5	1.6	2.2	6.6	8.7	7.8	7.4
Costa Rica	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.5	0.5	1.3	0.9	1.5	2.0	1.9
Cuba	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican Republic	0.1	0.2	0.6	0.7	0.7	1.2	1.3	5.1	5.2	5.1
Ecuador	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.9	0.6	1.5	0.8	1.4	4.1	3.0
El Salvador	0.5	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	4.8	0.7	0.6	0.8	0.8
Guatemala	0.4	0.2	0.4	0.2	0.1	5.6	2.1	2.9	1.5	0.7
Guyana	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	1.0	1.6	1.8	2.0	1.9
Honduras	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.6	0.7	0.7	1.5	1.8	2.9	3.1
Jamaica	2.5	1.1	0.9	0.8	0.7	12.5	4.9	3.5	2.7	2.3
Mexico	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.3	1.9	1.8	2.3	2.1	1.7
Nicaragua	..	0.0	0.2	0.3	0.3	..	0.1	1.2	1.2	1.2
Panama	0.6	0.3	0.5	0.3	0.3	3.4	2.2	2.9	2.3	2.5
Paraguay	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	2.8	2.0	1.8	1.3	1.3
Peru	1.9	0.2	0.9	0.9	0.9	16.4	1.2	5.2	4.7	5.4
Saint Lucia	..	0.4	0.5	0.6	0.5	..	2.2	2.3	2.8	2.6
Trinidad and Tobago	0.4	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.2	1.8	1.6	0.5	0.7	0.6
Uruguay	1.6	1.8	2.2	2.1	2.1	8.9	8.6	8.9	7.7	7.8
Venezuela1	0.1	0.5	0.0	..	..	0.3	3.7	0.2	..	..
Unweighted average
LAC2	1.0	0.7	0.8	0.9	0.8	6.1	3.9	4.3	4.0	3.8
OECD3	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.8	..	5.5	5.3	5.4	5.3	..

.. Not available

Note: The figures exclude local government revenues for Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina (but include provincial revenues), the Bahamas, Barbados, Cuba (except for 2002-2012), the Dominican Republic, Saint Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago and Venezuela as the data are not available. Local government revenue data have been available since 1991 for Nicaragua, since 1994 for Bolivia, since 1995 for Guatemala, since 1998 for Jamaica, since 1999 for Panama, since 2000 for Peru, since 2002 for El Salvador and Guyana, since 2006 for Paraguay and since 1990 for all other countries.

1. Some tax revenue data between 2014 and 2017 are not available. In those years data as % of total tax revenue cannot be calculated. Data for 2018 and subsequent years are not available.

2. Represents the group of 26 Latin American and Caribbean countries included in this publication and excludes Cuba (up to 2020) and Venezuela due to data issues. Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica and Mexico are also part of the OECD (38) group.

3. Represents the unweighted average for OECD member countries.

Table 4.9. Taxes on goods and services (5000) as % of GDP and as % of total tax revenue

	% of GDP					% of total tax revenue
	1990	2000	2010	2022	2023	1990	2000	2010	2022	2023
Antigua and Barbuda	..	8.9	12.4	11.6	11.4	..	81.1	65.9	64.1	64.0
Argentina	7.3	10.9	15.2	15.5	15.2	55.2	56.5	52.4	52.6	54.8
Bahamas	7.4	7.9	7.8	15.4	15.7	76.4	64.3	61.1	78.7	78.8
Barbados	11.8	13.4	12.3	13.7	13.6	48.2	47.0	46.6	47.2	48.3
Belize	8.9	9.6	11.6	14.3	14.6	54.1	66.1	55.2	61.8	61.1
Bolivia	5.9	12.8	12.9	12.1	12.3	90.2	72.7	56.4	51.1	51.6
Brazil	13.5	14.1	15.0	13.5	13.0	48.7	48.0	47.3	41.5	40.7
Chile	10.6	11.9	10.1	11.4	11.2	62.9	63.8	51.3	47.8	54.2
Colombia	6.1	7.3	8.2	8.8	8.8	53.8	46.3	45.1	44.8	39.5
Costa Rica	10.2	9.9	8.9	8.2	8.3	45.5	46.7	40.3	32.6	33.4
Cuba1	27.7	22.0	19.1	2.0	2.5	86.9	59.2	51.3	10.9	14.7
Dominican Republic	5.8	9.1	8.8	8.7	8.5	69.8	74.7	71.9	62.1	59.2
Ecuador	4.5	8.8	8.7	10.4	10.1	63.0	75.7	51.9	49.8	48.9
El Salvador	5.4	7.7	10.2	11.5	11.3	47.7	54.1	54.5	49.5	49.7
Guatemala	4.6	7.3	7.0	7.6	7.3	58.7	62.4	56.0	52.8	51.8
Guyana	6.4	7.6	8.5	3.9	4.2	42.0	48.6	53.0	36.9	36.5
Honduras	8.2	11.7	9.7	10.5	10.7	66.2	68.0	53.1	48.5	51.0
Jamaica	7.4	11.1	13.0	16.6	15.7	36.4	50.1	52.1	59.5	54.1
Mexico	5.1	4.6	4.7	5.5	6.2	44.0	41.7	38.0	32.8	35.2
Nicaragua	..	8.6	10.1	11.9	11.9	..	60.0	52.4	42.7	43.5
Panama	6.1	4.9	5.5	3.5	3.2	36.8	31.3	33.9	29.0	26.5
Paraguay	6.1	6.7	7.3	7.3	7.5	72.1	58.0	60.5	49.9	51.7
Peru	7.6	9.1	8.4	8.5	7.6	67.7	60.5	47.9	44.5	45.0
Saint Lucia	..	11.4	12.3	12.6	13.2	..	59.1	59.5	63.0	63.8
Trinidad and Tobago	9.7	7.7	7.0	5.4	6.2	41.7	35.2	24.3	21.7	25.6
Uruguay	10.4	10.7	11.4	10.8	10.6	56.6	50.1	47.1	39.9	38.5
Venezuela2	2.4	6.4	7.2	..	..	11.1	47.7	61.1	..	..
Unweighted average
LAC3	7.7	9.3	9.9	10.0	10.0	56.3	56.9	51.1	46.8	47.0
OECD4	9.9	10.8	10.5	10.6	..	33.7	33.9	34.0	31.5	..

.. Not available

Note: The figures exclude local government revenues for Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina (but include provincial revenues), the Bahamas, Barbados, Cuba (except for 2002-2012), the Dominican Republic, Saint Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago and Venezuela as the data are not available. Local government revenue data have been available since 1991 for Nicaragua, since 1994 for Bolivia, since 1995 for Guatemala, since 1998 for Jamaica, since 1999 for Panama, since 2000 for Peru, since 2002 for El Salvador and Guyana, since 2006 for Paraguay and since 1990 for all other countries.

1. Figures in 2021 and thereafter are not comparable to data in previous years due to large changes as a result of Cuba’s currency reform.

2. Some tax revenue data between 2014 and 2017 are not available. In those years data as % of total tax revenue cannot be calculated. Data for 2018 and subsequent years are not available.

3. Represents the group of 26 Latin American and Caribbean countries included in this publication and excludes Cuba (up to 2020) and Venezuela due to data issues. Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica and Mexico are also part of the OECD (38) group.

4. Represents the unweighted average for OECD member countries.

Table 4.10. Value added taxes (5111) as % of GDP and as % of total tax revenue

	% of GDP					% of total tax revenue
	1990	2000	2010	2022	2023	1990	2000	2010	2022	2023
Antigua and Barbuda	..	..	5.1	6.0	6.0	..	..	27.2	33.4	33.3
Argentina	2.1	6.0	7.0	7.1	7.7	15.6	31.1	24.1	23.9	27.8
Bahamas	0.0	0.0	0.0	9.2	8.9	0.0	0.0	0.0	46.6	44.9
Barbados	0.0	7.4	7.4	7.9	8.0	0.0	26.0	28.1	27.4	28.4
Belize	0.0	0.0	5.7	6.6	6.7	0.0	0.0	26.9	28.6	28.0
Bolivia	2.8	5.7	7.4	7.2	7.4	43.0	32.2	32.5	30.6	31.1
Brazil	8.0	6.9	6.9	6.8	6.5	28.7	23.3	21.7	21.0	20.2
Chile	6.3	7.8	7.6	9.3	8.6	37.4	41.8	38.5	39.0	41.6
Colombia	2.6	4.3	5.3	6.2	6.1	22.6	27.6	29.3	31.8	27.3
Costa Rica	4.1	4.8	4.6	4.9	4.9	18.1	22.8	21.0	19.4	19.5
Cuba	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican Republic	1.3	2.5	4.1	5.0	4.9	15.1	20.8	33.5	35.6	34.5
Ecuador	2.0	5.0	5.4	6.8	6.8	28.0	43.5	32.1	32.6	33.1
El Salvador	0.0	6.1	7.8	9.2	9.0	0.0	42.8	41.6	39.6	39.6
Guatemala	2.3	4.4	5.1	5.9	5.6	28.8	37.9	40.9	41.0	39.9
Guyana	0.0	0.0	3.9	1.9	2.0	0.0	0.0	24.2	17.5	17.6
Honduras	2.0	4.8	5.4	7.3	7.6	16.2	28.1	29.4	33.7	36.3
Jamaica	0.8	5.7	7.1	9.0	8.8	3.8	25.5	28.7	32.1	30.2
Mexico	3.0	2.7	3.6	4.1	4.3	26.1	24.7	29.4	24.7	24.2
Nicaragua	..	4.5	5.5	6.8	7.0	..	31.5	28.6	24.4	25.5
Panama	1.4	0.6	2.6	1.9	1.7	8.5	3.6	16.0	15.6	14.4
Paraguay	0.0	3.7	4.6	5.2	5.4	0.0	32.1	38.3	35.5	37.5
Peru	2.1	5.5	6.9	7.3	6.5	18.2	36.4	39.4	38.3	38.4
Saint Lucia	..	0.0	0.0	6.0	6.1	..	0.0	0.0	30.0	29.2
Trinidad and Tobago	4.4	3.8	4.4	2.6	3.4	18.8	17.3	15.2	10.6	14.2
Uruguay	5.0	6.0	7.9	6.9	6.9	27.5	28.0	32.8	25.6	25.1
Venezuela1	0.0	4.1	5.5	..	..	0.0	30.2	46.7	..	..
Unweighted average
LAC2	2.3	4.1	5.3	6.0	6.0	16.2	24.0	27.2	28.4	28.5
OECD3	5.1	6.3	6.3	7.0	..	17.0	19.6	20.5	20.8	..

.. Not available

Note: The figures exclude local government revenues for Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina (but include provincial revenues), the Bahamas, Barbados, Cuba (except for 2002-2012), the Dominican Republic, Saint Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago and Venezuela as the data are not available. Local government revenue data have been available since 1991 for Nicaragua, since 1994 for Bolivia, since 1995 for Guatemala, since 1998 for Jamaica, since 1999 for Panama, since 2000 for Peru, since 2002 for El Salvador and Guyana, since 2006 for Paraguay and since 1990 for all other countries.

1. Some tax revenue data between 2014 and 2017 are not available. In those years data as % of total tax revenue cannot be calculated. Data for 2018 and subsequent years are not available.

2. Represents the group of 26 Latin American and Caribbean countries included in this publication and excludes Cuba (up to 2020) and Venezuela due to data issues. Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica and Mexico are also part of the OECD (38) group.

3. Represents the unweighted average for OECD member countries.

Table 4.11. Tax revenues of sub-sectors of general government as % of total tax revenue

	Central government			State or regional government			Local government			Social Security Funds
	1995	2000	2023	1995	2000	2023	1995	2000	2023	1995	2000	2023
Federal countries
Argentina	59.0	66.4	63.6	17.5	17.8	18.2	..	..	..	23.4	15.8	18.2
Brazil	44.8	47.9	45.4	26.5	25.0	23.0	3.7	3.4	6.4	25.0	23.7	25.2
Mexico	73.9	78.3	80.4	2.8	2.7	4.5	1.5	1.0	1.6	21.8	18.0	13.5
Venezuela1	94.6	94.6	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	5.4	5.4	..
Regional country
Colombia	63.2	68.7	76.9	5.5	5.6	4.3	8.6	9.4	11.5	22.7	16.3	7.3
Unitary countries
Antigua and Barbuda	100.0	100.0	81.9	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	18.1
Bahamas	89.1	88.1	88.7	..	..	..	..	..	..	10.9	11.9	11.3
Barbados	85.6	84.4	83.2	..	..	..	..	..	..	14.4	15.6	16.8
Belize	93.2	93.5	88.6	..	..	..	0.5	0.7	0.5	6.3	5.8	10.9
Bolivia	94.3	86.4	71.4	..	..	..	5.7	6.3	4.5	..	7.3	24.1
Chile	89.9	87.8	86.9	..	..	..	6.5	7.9	8.5	3.6	4.4	4.6
Costa Rica	65.5	63.3	60.3	..	..	..	1.6	1.9	2.8	33.0	34.8	36.9
Cuba2	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	11.3	10.4	19.8
Dominican Republic	99.3	99.0	99.6	..	..	..	..	..	..	0.7	1.0	0.4
Ecuador3	70.5	87.7	72.5	..	..	..	4.0	1.6	2.8	25.5	10.7	24.7
El Salvador	80.9	80.5	86.9	..	..	..	..	..	1.8	19.1	19.5	11.4
Guatemala	83.6	83.6	84.5	..	..	..	0.6	0.9	0.1	15.8	15.5	15.4
Guyana	92.6	88.6	91.2	..	..	..	..	..	0.0	7.4	11.4	8.8
Honduras	86.1	85.3	82.1	..	..	..	4.4	5.2	3.2	9.5	9.4	14.6
Jamaica	100.0	99.3	92.7	..	..	..	0.0	0.7	1.1	..	..	6.2
Nicaragua3	80.4	72.5	72.5	..	..	..	4.6	9.5	6.0	15.0	18.0	21.5
Panama3	67.2	59.6	63.3	..	..	..	..	2.2	1.7	32.8	38.2	35.0
Paraguay	92.0	74.4	69.1	..	..	..	..	..	2.5	8.0	25.6	28.4
Peru	88.0	86.4	86.4	..	..	..	..	1.6	2.4	12.0	12.0	11.1
Saint Lucia	100.0	90.0	88.5	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	10.0	11.5
Trinidad and Tobago	96.8	93.6	89.7	..	..	..	..	..	..	3.2	6.4	10.3
Uruguay	61.7	63.6	67.4	..	..	..	8.8	8.9	6.0	29.5	27.5	26.6

.. Not available

Note: The figures exclude local government revenues for Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina (but include provincial revenues), the Bahamas, Barbados, Cuba (except for 2002-2012), the Dominican Republic, Saint Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago and Venezuela as the data are not available. Local government revenue data have been available since 1991 for Nicaragua, since 1994 for Bolivia, since 1995 for Guatemala, since 1998 for Jamaica, since 1999 for Panama, since 2000 for Peru, since 2002 for El Salvador and Guyana, since 2006 for Paraguay and since 1990 for all other countries.

1. Some tax revenue data between 2014 and 2017 and data for 2018 and subsequent years are not available. The breakdown by sub-sectors of general government is not available for those years.

2. Figures in 2021 and thereafter are not comparable to data in previous years due to large changes as a result of Cuba’s currency reform.

3. Revenues from local government are estimated in the following countries: Ecuador (2021-2023), Nicaragua (2022 and 2023) and Panama (2023). See the corresponding country tables for more information.

Table 4.12. Main central government taxes as % of total tax revenues of central government, 2023

	1000 Income & profits	2000 Social security	3000 Payroll	4000 Property	5000 Goods and services	6000 Others
Federal countries
Argentina	26.0	0.0	0.0	12.3	61.3	0.3
Brazil	59.6	0.0	3.9	4.1	31.5	0.9
Mexico	55.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	42.9	1.6
Venezuela	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Regional country
Colombia	52.1	0.0	1.9	5.5	40.0	0.4
Unitary countries
Antigua and Barbuda	13.5	0.0	0.0	8.4	78.2	0.0
Bahamas	0.0	0.0	0.0	11.2	88.8	0.0
Barbados	34.6	0.0	0.0	7.4	58.1	0.0
Belize	26.2	0.0	0.0	4.9	68.9	0.0
Bolivia	17.0	0.0	0.0	1.1	72.2	9.7
Chile	40.5	1.2	0.0	2.9	57.1	-1.7
Costa Rica	35.1	7.8	0.0	0.9	53.0	3.1
Cuba	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican Republic	35.0	0.0	0.5	5.1	59.4	0.0
Ecuador	31.7	0.0	0.0	2.3	66.0	-0.0
El Salvador	41.7	0.0	0.7	0.8	56.9	0.0
Guatemala	29.3	0.0	1.3	0.6	61.2	7.5
Guyana	57.4	0.0	0.0	2.1	40.0	0.5
Honduras	33.2	0.0	1.0	3.8	62.0	0.0
Jamaica	34.2	0.0	5.8	1.4	58.3	0.3
Nicaragua	45.4	0.0	0.0	0.1	54.6	0.0
Panama	53.2	0.0	3.2	3.9	39.3	0.4
Paraguay	26.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	73.2	0.7
Peru	42.0	0.0	0.1	3.8	51.7	2.3
Saint Lucia	25.1	0.0	0.0	2.9	72.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	70.8	0.0	0.0	0.7	28.5	0.0
Uruguay	39.2	0.0	0.0	6.8	53.8	0.2

.. Not available

Note: Excluding social security contributions collected by social security funds.

Table 4.13. Main state government taxes as % of total tax revenues of state government, 2023

	1000 Income & profits	2000 Social security	3000 Payroll	4000 Property	5000 Goods and services	6000 Others
Federal countries
Argentina	0.0	0.0	0.0	11.6	86.9	1.5
Brazil	0.0	0.0	0.0	2.1	97.9	0.0
Mexico	0.0	0.0	66.5	13.9	13.3	6.3
Venezuela	..	..	..	..	..	..
Regional country
Colombia	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70.9	29.1
Unitary countries
Antigua and Barbuda	..	..	..	..	..	..
Bahamas	..	..	..	..	..	..
Barbados	..	..	..	..	..	..
Belize	..	..	..	..	..	..
Bolivia	..	..	..	..	..	..
Chile	..	..	..	..	..	..
Costa Rica	..	..	..	..	..	..
Cuba	..	..	..	..	..	..
Dominican Republic	..	..	..	..	..	..
Ecuador	..	..	..	..	..	..
El Salvador	..	..	..	..	..	..
Guatemala	..	..	..	..	..	..
Guyana	..	..	..	..	..	..
Honduras	..	..	..	..	..	..
Jamaica	..	..	..	..	..	..
Nicaragua	..	..	..	..	..	..
Panama	..	..	..	..	..	..
Paraguay	..	..	..	..	..	..
Peru	..	..	..	..	..	..
Saint Lucia	..	..	..	..	..	..
Trinidad and Tobago	..	..	..	..	..	..
Uruguay	..	..	..	..	..	..

.. Not available

Table 4.14. Main local government taxes as % of total tax revenues of local government, 2023

	1000 Income & profits	2000 Social security	3000 Payroll	4000 Property	5000 Goods and services	6000 Others
Federal countries
Argentina	..	..	..	..	..	..
Brazil	0.0	0.0	0.0	39.1	60.7	0.2
Mexico	0.0	0.0	0.0	68.0	2.6	29.4
Venezuela	..	..	..	..	..	..
Regional country
Colombia	0.0	0.0	0.0	27.3	49.0	23.7
Unitary countries
Antigua and Barbuda	..	..	..	..	..	..
Bahamas	..	..	..	..	..	..
Barbados	..	..	..	..	..	..
Belize	0.0	0.0	0.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Bolivia	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100.0
Chile	0.0	0.0	0.0	46.3	53.7	0.0
Costa Rica	0.0	0.0	0.0	47.8	52.2	0.0
Cuba	..	..	..	..	..	..
Dominican Republic	..	..	..	..	..	..
Ecuador	11.3	0.0	0.0	48.9	39.8	0.0
El Salvador	0.0	0.0	0.0	5.1	15.2	79.7
Guatemala	0.0	0.0	0.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100.0
Honduras	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100.0
Jamaica	0.0	0.0	0.0	100.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaragua	0.0	0.0	0.0	18.7	65.8	15.4
Panama	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100.0	0.0
Paraguay	0.0	0.0	0.0	51.0	43.8	5.2
Peru	0.0	0.0	0.0	85.4	12.9	1.7
Saint Lucia	..	..	..	..	..	..
Trinidad and Tobago	..	..	..	..	..	..
Uruguay	0.0	0.0	0.0	53.0	37.7	9.3

.. Not available

Table 4.15. Gross domestic product for tax reporting years at market prices, in millions of national currency

		1990	2000	2005	2010	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Antigua and Barbuda	XCD	1 292	2 433	3 089	3 506	4 486	4 661	3 811	4 326	5 040	5 416
Argentina	ARS	77 060	317 759	582 538	1 661 721	14 744 811	21 558 444	27 209 814	46 219 084	82 652 824	191 404 997
Bahamas	BSD	5 218	7 880	9 446	10 039	12 474	12 949	11 377	10 198	12 410	14 029
Barbados	BBD	4 182	6 620	8 670	10 357	11 339	11 773	9 605	11 295	12 873	13 701
Belize	BZD	1089	2 189	2 932	3 518	4 633	4 604	4 284	5 052	5 780	6 274
Bolivia	BOB	15 443	51 928	77 024	137 876	278 388	282 587	253 112	279 206	304 097	311 886
Brazil	BRL	12	1 199 092	2 170 585	3 885 847	7 004 141	7 389 131	7 609 597	9 012 142	10 079 677	10 856 112
Chile	CLP	10 594 797	42 215 030	68 467 940	110 777 867	189 434 867	195 531 722	201 257 745	239 561 981	263 842 661	281 870 321
Colombia	COP	22 731 433	195 108 574	337 958 000	544 060 000	987 791 000	1060 068 000	998 471 000	1192 634 000	1469 791 000	1572 658 400
Costa Rica	CRC	525 310	4 627 051	9 577 022	19 802 011	36 014 719	37 832 150	36 495 246	40 326 626	44 810 031	47 059 272
Cuba	CUP	19 645	30 565	42 644	64 328	100 050	103 428	107 352	545 218	633 093	869 234
Dominican Republic	DOP	77 344	393 303	1 083 445	1 983 202	4 235 847	4 562 235	4 456 657	5 392 714	6 260 564	6 820 019
Ecuador	USD	15 232	18 319	41 507	69 555	107 562	108 108	99 291	106 166	115 049	118 845
El Salvador	USD	4 818	11 785	14 698	18 448	26 021	26 881	24 921	29 043	31 989	34 016
Guatemala	GTQ	33 613	140 702	207 729	333 093	551 368	593 972	600 123	668 861	740 969	818 054
Guyana	GYD	34 523	273 054	342 157	699 064	994 472	1078 729	1140 757	1676 624	3068 784	3527 508
Honduras	HNL	17 141	106 654	183 747	299 286	575 285	609 827	574 042	675 933	769 494	846 309
Jamaica	JMD	38 145	395 009	700 275	1 152 780	2 053 279	2 121 087	1 948 842	2 322 193	2 753 530	3 029 090
Mexico	MXN	885 513	7 016 604	9 999 599	13 968 150	24 176 670	25 143 108	24 081 766	26 619 086	29 452 832	31 768 335
Nicaragua	NIO		64 812	105 777	187 053	410 988	420 614	435 395	497 524	562 208	649 718
Panama	PAB	5 723	12 502	16 638	29 440	67 294	69 722	57 087	67 407	76 523	83 382
Paraguay	PYG	7 147 738	30 874 088	66 335 828	129 092 883	230 576 477	236 681 497	239 914 729	270 633 896	292 946 789	313 094 928
Peru	PEN	5 322	175 862	244 652	421 582	748 095	777 524	721 692	878 373	936 622	999 195
Saint Lucia	XCD	1 587	2 489	3 154	4 021	5 588	5 657	4 296	5 362	6 384	6 655
Trinidad and Tobago	TTD	21 105	50 098	97 612	138 557	165 510	162 030	145 503	159 288	193 629	192 623
Uruguay	UYU	13 103	301 275	463 684	881 592	2007 722	2 193 673	2 254 794	2 646 326	2 888 512	2 998 593
Venezuela	VES	0	1	3	10	..	..	..	..	..	..

.. Not available

Source: OECD National Accounts data for Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica and Mexico, the World Economic Outlook (IMF) for Barbados, Belize, Saint Lucia, Trinidad & Tobago and Uruguay, and official National Accounts data for Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Peru and Venezuela. For Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, the Bahamas, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua and Panama, official national sources were used where available, together with data from the IMF. For Cuba, figures since 1996 have come from Oficina Nacional de Estadística e Información (ONEI), while data before 1996 come from ECLAC/CEPAL. For Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Saint Lucia and Trinidad and Tobago, GDP figures are reported on a fiscal year basis. For Jamaica, GDP for 1990-2003 are reported on a fiscal year basis, while for other years, they are reported on a calendar year basis.

Table 4.16. Gross domestic product for tax reporting years at market prices, in millions of USD

	1990	2000	2005	2010	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Antigua and Barbuda	479	902	1 144	1 298	1 662	1 726	1 412	1 602	1 867	2 006
Argentina	158 024	317 759	199 273	424 729	524 431	446 762	385 218	486 040	632 318	645 511
Bahamas	5 218	7 880	9 446	10 039	12 474	12 949	11 377	10 198	12 410	14 029
Barbados	2 091	3 310	4 335	5 179	5 670	5 887	4 803	5 648	6 437	6 851
Belize	544	1 094	1 466	1 759	2 317	2 302	2 142	2 526	2 890	3 137
Bolivia	4 868	8 385	9 573	19 786	40 581	41 193	36 897	40 701	44 329	45 464
Brazil	478 052	655 453	891 633	2 208 704	1 916 934	1 873 286	1 476 092	1 670 650	1 951 849	2 173 671
Chile	34 748	78 236	122 315	217 105	295 403	278 180	253 880	315 647	302 117	335 533
Colombia	45 258	93 446	145 601	286 499	334 198	323 032	270 348	318 525	345 330	363 540
Costa Rica	5 736	15 014	20 045	37 659	62 420	64 418	62 396	64 961	69 244	86 498
Cuba	21 541	30 565	42 644	64 328	100 050	103 428	107 352	22 717	14 064	11 768
Dominican Republic	7 995	24 306	35 948	53 921	85 630	89 032	78 923	94 458	113 873	121 785
Ecuador	15 232	18 319	41 507	69 555	107 562	108 108	99 291	106 166	115 049	118 845
El Salvador	4 818	11 785	14 698	18 448	26 021	26 881	24 921	29 043	31 989	34 016
Guatemala	7 535	18 124	27 203	41 327	73 331	77 156	77 718	86 467	95 631	104 436
Guyana	685	1 497	1 712	3 432	4 788	5 174	5 471	8 042	14 718	16 919
Honduras	4 169	7 104	9 672	15 730	23 907	24 711	23 190	27 950	31 233	34 229
Jamaica	5 058	8 997	11 233	13 193	15 849	15 888	13 757	15 417	17 847	19 540
Mexico	314 838	742 061	917 572	1 105 424	1 256 300	1 305 211	1 120 832	1 313 070	1 463 324	1 788 887
Nicaragua		5 109	6 321	8 759	13 025	12 713	12 682	14 145	15 671	17 843
Panama	5 723	12 502	16 638	29 440	67 294	69 722	57 087	67 407	76 523	83 382
Paraguay	5 812	8 856	10 738	27 129	40 225	37 925	35 432	39 951	41 953	42 955
Peru	28 326	50 414	74 232	149 230	227 583	233 004	206 461	226 372	244 273	266 912
Saint Lucia	588	922	1 168	1 489	2 070	2 095	1 591	1 986	2 364	2 465
Trinidad and Tobago	4 966	7 986	15 573	21 841	24 497	23 982	21 553	23 575	28 659	28 536
Uruguay	11 204	24 892	18 986	43 967	65 370	62 230	53 666	60 762	70 165	77 241
Venezuela	48 391	94 665	145 343	323 200	..	..	..	..	..	..

.. Not available

Source: The figures are derived by dividing the GDP data in Table 4.15 by the exchange rate in Table 4.17.

Table 4.17. Exchange rates used, national currency per US dollar at market exchange rates

		1990	2000	2005	2010	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Antigua and Barbuda	XCD	2.697	2.698	2.699	2.700	2.699	2.700	2.700	2.701	2.700	2.700
Argentina	ARS	0.488	1.000	2.923	3.912	28.116	48.255	70.635	95.093	130.714	296.517
Bahamas	BSD	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000
Barbados	BBD	2.000	2.000	2.000	2.000	2.000	2.000	2.000	2.000	2.000	2.000
Belize	BZD	2.000	2.000	2.000	2.000	2.000	2.000	2.000	2.000	2.000	2.000
Bolivia	BOB	3.172	6.193	8.046	6.968	6.860	6.860	6.860	6.860	6.860	6.860
Brazil	BRL	0.000	1.829	2.434	1.759	3.654	3.944	5.155	5.394	5.164	4.994
Chile	CLP	304.903	539.588	559.768	510.249	641.277	702.897	792.727	758.955	873.314	840.067
Colombia	COP	502.260	2 087.918	2 321.132	1 898.998	2 955.704	3 281.622	3 693.276	3 744.244	4 256.194	4 325.955
Costa Rica	CRC	91.579	308.187	477.787	525.829	576.973	587.295	584.901	620.785	647.136	544.051
Cuba	CUP	0.912	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	24.000	45.015	73.865
Dominican Republic	DOP	9.674	16.181	30.139	36.780	49.467	51.243	56.468	57.091	54.978	56.000
Ecuador	USD	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000
El Salvador	USD	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000
Guatemala	GTQ	4.461	7.763	7.636	8.060	7.519	7.698	7.722	7.735	7.748	7.833
Guyana	GYD	50.399	182.401	199.858	203.670	207.701	208.490	208.510	208.489	208.505	208.496
Honduras	HNL	4.112	15.013	18.998	19.026	24.063	24.678	24.754	24.184	24.637	24.725
Jamaica	JMD	7.541	43.907	62.341	87.378	129.553	133.504	141.658	150.621	154.282	155.024
Mexico	MXN	2.813	9.456	10.898	12.636	19.244	19.264	21.486	20.272	20.127	17.759
Nicaragua	NIO		12.686	16.734	21.356	31.554	33.085	34.332	35.173	35.876	36.413
Panama	PAB	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000
Paraguay	PYG	1 229.845	3 486.234	6 177.671	4 758.483	5 732.168	6 240.778	6 771.131	6 774.146	6 982.738	7 288.905
Peru	PEN	0.188	3.488	3.296	2.825	3.287	3.337	3.496	3.880	3.834	3.744
Saint Lucia	XCD	2.700	2.700	2.700	2.700	2.700	2.700	2.700	2.700	2.700	2.700
Trinidad and Tobago	TTD	4.250	6.273	6.268	6.344	6.756	6.756	6.751	6.757	6.756	6.750
Uruguay	UYU	1.169	12.103	24.422	20.051	30.713	35.251	42.015	43.552	41.167	38.821
Venezuela	VES	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	..	..	..	..	..	..

.. Not available

Note: Annual average market exchange rates.

Source: World Economic Outlook (IMF), October 2024.