| AI | Artificial intelligence |
| AMC | Advanced market commitment |
| ASD | Autism spectrum disorder |
| BEPS | Base erosion and profit shifting |
| BERD | Business enterprise expenditure on R&D |
| DBTL | Design-Build-Test-Learn |
| DSTI | Directorate for Science, Technology and Innovation |
| ERA | European Research Area |
| FDI | Foreign direct investment |
| GAVI | Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization |
| GDP | Gross domestic product |
| GERD | Gross domestic expenditure on research and development |
| GFC | Global financial crisis |
| GISAID | Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data |
| GPG | Global public goods |
| GTARD | Government tax relief for R&D expenditures |
| GVC | Global value chains |
| HFEA | Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority |
| HIV | Human immunodeficiency virus |
| IATT | Inter-agency Task Team |
| ICB | Industry Classification Benchmark |
| ICT | Information and communication technology |
| ICTSD | International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development |
| IDRC | International Development Research Centre |
| IFR | International Federation of Robotics |
| IFRS | International Financial Reporting Standards |
| IMF | International Monetary Fund |
| IP | Intellectual property |
| IPR | Intellectual property rights |
| JEDI | Joint European Disruption Initiative |
| MERS | Middle East Respiratory Syndrome |
| MLP | Multi-level perspective |
| MOIP | Mission-oriented innovation policies |
| mRNA | Messenger ribonucleic acid |
| NASA | National Aeronautics Space Administration |
| OCTS-OEI | Observatorio Iberoamericano de la Ciencia, la Tecnología y la Sociedad (OCTS) de la Organización de Estados Iberoamericanos (OEI) |
| ODA | Official development assistance |
| PCT | Patent Cooperation Treaty |
| R&D | Research and development |
| RNA | Ribonucleic acid |
| SLS | Swiss Light Source |
| STI | Science, technology and innovation |
| TDR | Transdisciplinary research |
| TFM | Technology Facilitation Mechanism |
| USPTO | United States Patent and Trademark Office |
| UV | Ultra-violet |
| VC | Venture capital |
| WFH | Working from home |
| WHO | World Health Organization |
| WTO | World Trade Organization |
| SMEs | Small and medium-sized enterprises |
| STEM | Science, technology, engineering and mathematics |
OECD Science, Technology and Innovation Outlook 2021
Times of Crisis and Opportunity
