Achieving net-zero emissions in 2050 will require global annual investment in the energy sector to rise from USD 2.3 trillion in recent years to USD 5 trillion by 2030 (IEA, 2021). For transport-related clean energy, the estimated rise needs to be from USD 75 billion per year to over USD 570 billion by 2030 (IEA, 2021). At the same time, infrastructure assets and operations will be increasingly exposed to the effects of damaging weather events. This will require an integrated approach to building resilience. It is important that governments strengthen their approaches to delivering sustainable and resilient infrastructure.
The OECD Infrastructure Governance Indicator (IGI) on environmentally sustainable and resilient infrastructure provides an overview of the various governance elements that support environmentally sustainable and resilient infrastructure, including enabling conditions, planning, project appraisal, capital budgeting and financing, and monitoring. Overall scores on this indicator are shown in Figure 4.8. Delivering environmentally sustainable and resilient infrastructure, SEA countries (2024-2025) and OECD countries (2022). On a scale of 0 to 1, OECD country indicator values range from 0.19 to 0.93, with an average of 0.52. Indonesia (0.60), the Philippines (0.61), and Singapore (0.66) all score higher than the OECD average value.
Indonesia, the Philippines, and Singapore have all developed infrastructure guidelines to address environmental risks (Figure 4.9). The Philippines and Singapore also provide guidelines on integrating biodiversity considerations into infrastructure planning. Singapore additionally provides policy guidance on integrating nature-based solutions (NbS) into infrastructure design. Such guidelines are key to developing infrastructure systems that are resilient to weather and environmental events. They can also increase the integration of environmental considerations into infrastructure planning and delivery.
SEA countries also use methodological tools such as cost-benefit analysis and multi-criteria analysis to integrate environmental considerations into the project appraisal process. Indonesia, the Philippines, and Singapore require environmental impact assessments to evaluate the possible impacts of transport infrastructure projects and also systematically use the assessment results to inform project selection and prioritisation (Table 4.9). They also require climate change adaptation measures to be integrated into the design of transport infrastructure projects and systematically use climate resilience criteria to inform project selection and prioritisation. In addition, Indonesia and Singapore require a climate impact assessment to estimate the potential emissions of transport infrastructure projects and systematically use the results to select or prioritise projects.
