11. As of 31 March 2020, Italy has 75 bilateral relationships in place, including those activated under the CbC MCAA, a bilateral CAA, and the EU Council Directive (2016/881/EU). Within the context of its international exchange of information agreements that allow automatic exchange of information, Italy has taken steps to have qualifying competent authority agreements in effect with jurisdictions of the Inclusive Framework that meet the confidentiality, consistency and appropriate use conditions.1 Regarding Italy’s exchange of information framework, no inconsistencies with the terms of reference were identified.