Population decline and ageing are reshaping societies across the OECD. While these demographic shifts are often viewed as national trends, their impacts are deeply territorial – affecting cities, towns and rural regions in different ways. In response, policy makers at all levels of government are increasingly seeking tailored solutions that are evidence-based and sensitive to local realities to respond to demographic change.
This compendium of good practices presents effective policy responses from across OECD countries in three key areas: 1) service delivery, 2) spatial planning, land-use and housing, and 3) multi-level governance and finance. Each practice has been selected for its demonstrated impact and, in most cases, is supported by data showing tangible results. In addition to the analysis, policy framework and recommendations provided in the report Shrinking Smartly and Sustainably: Strategies for Action, this compendium aims to support decision makers by providing practical examples to inspire and guide implementation of actions that reflect local needs and demographic trends.
The good practices aim to help regions and cities:
- Ensure the availability and quality of inclusive, sustainable public services, especially in shrinking or ageing communities;
- Adjust spatial planning and housing strategies to demographic trends by prioritising compact development, renovation and the efficient use of infrastructure and land;
- Strengthen governance through efficiency, innovation and collaboration, enabling better use of limited resources across levels of government.
Demographic change is not a challenge that can be managed through a single policy. It requires integrated strategies that combine adaptation with efforts to enhance attractiveness and provide opportunities for current and future residents. Drawing on a range of experiences, this compendium of good practices highlights how OECD shrinking regions and cities can ‘shrink smartly and sustainably’, while maintaining – and even increasing – their dynamism and well-being.
