Publications

Sera disponible le 14 Septembre 2026
Auteur: OCDE
Langues: portugais-anglais-espagnol
Pages: 39

Este documento fornece uma visão geral do estado atual da resolução antecipada de casos de cartel nas jurisdições da América Latina e do Caribe (ALC), abrangendo o marco normativo, as experiências de aplicação da lei, bem como os desafios e as particularidades. As autoridades de concorrência podem beneficiar-se da resolução antecipada de casos de cartel ao economizar tempo e os recursos que o caso exigiria em um procedimento contraditório, alocando-os de forma mais eficiente para a detecção e a persecução de outros cartéis e proporcionando maior dissuasão e um impacto mais amplo de suas ações de aplicação da lei. O documento destaca que as autoridades de concorrência da ALC podem considerar a concepção e o uso dessas ferramentas como uma forma de alcançar celeridade processual. A concepção e a implementação de programas de resolução antecipada exigem a consideração dos incentivos das partes para resolver casos antecipadamente e da interação com programas de leniência, indenizações por danos e a busca de outros objetivos de política pública.

Sera disponible le 14 Septembre 2026
Auteur: OCDE
Langues: anglais-espagnol-portugais
Pages: 32

This paper examines the challenges faced by competition authorities in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) when enforcing competition law in markets affected by informality. Informal markets represent a significant share of economic activity in the region and may influence competitive dynamics both where informal firms compete with formal firms and where competition occurs within informal markets. The paper focusses on competition enforcement issues related to informality including the definition of relevant markets, the investigation of informal firms and the calculation of fines. Although informality can create substantial evidentiary and procedural difficulties, the paper identifies opportunities for competition authorities to mitigate those challenges, including the use of official datasets, market studies and institutional co-operation with organisations addressing informality. The paper argues that competition authorities in LAC should be mindful of informal markets when enforcing competition law, and can apply proportionate, pragmatic and targeted enforcement to address competitive harm involving informal markets, while supporting better market functioning and the transition towards formality.

Key Indicators on Talent, Mobility and Working Conditions

Sera disponible le 14 Septembre 2026 à 09:00 CET
Auteur: OCDE
Langue: anglais
Pages: 120

Sera disponible le 15 Septembre 2026
Auteur: OCDE
Langue: anglais
Pages: 86

State ownership can entail risks both at the enterprise and portfolio levels. This report explores how governments can move beyond fragmented, enterprise-level approaches to build a consolidated understanding of risks across their state-owned enterprise (SOE) portfolios and inform strategic portfolio management. It examines relevant risks affecting SOE portfolios, including financial, operational, sustainability, and corruption and integrity-related risks, as well as their potential interlinkages. The report also considers how risk management can be integrated into ownership steering, oversight and performance monitoring moving beyond a narrow compliance exercise. Building on international standards and selected case studies, it outlines the key elements for the design and implementation of portfolio level risk management frameworks that can be adapted to different institutional settings and ownership models.

Sera disponible le 15 Septembre 2026
Auteurs: OCDE, Programme des Nations Unies pour le Développement
Langue: anglais
Pages: 212

Effective development co‑operation helps many countries advance sustainable development and improve the lives of their citizens. Twenty years after the launch of the “aid effectiveness” agenda, the Global Partnership for Effective Development Co‑operation delivers evidence on how governments, development partners, civil society, trade unions and the private sector are working together to strengthen country ownership, focus on results, inclusive partnerships, and transparency and mutual accountability. The 2023‑26 Global Partnership monitoring round draws on reporting by 44 partner country governments, 93 development partners, as well as by civil society organisations, trade unions, and private sector representatives. This report provides a snapshot of progress, challenges, and emerging opportunities in making development co‑operation more effective. By moving from evidence to jointly agreed action, the report aims to help partner country governments and their partners strengthen the quality of partnerships and accelerate progress towards the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its Sustainable Development Goals.

Acting early saves lives and protects economies

Sera disponible le 15 Septembre 2026 à 13:00 CET
Auteur: OCDE
Langue: anglais
Pages: 8

Pandemics are rare, but can have substantial consequences for population health, health system resilience and economies. Rapid urbanisation, deforestation, intensive farming, extensive and often unregulated wildlife trade and rising demand for air travel all increase the risk that a local outbreak escalates into a global pandemic. This policy brief examines the potential impacts of future pandemics through scenario-based analyses across 51 OECD, EU/EEA and G20 countries, using advanced epidemiological and economic modelling techniques. It assesses the effectiveness of eight non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) during the early stages of five outbreak scenarios, including Ebola, avian influenza, influenza A, coronavirus and measles-like pandemics, before vaccines or pharmaceutical interventions become widely available. It shows that early scale-up of NPIs such as hand hygiene, mask use and physical distancing save more lives and cause less economic disruption than delayed action, which may leave lockdowns as the only way to regain control of transmission. Robust surveillance and stockpiling systems make timely response possible. Across the OECD, investing nearly USD 6 PPP per capita per year in pandemic preparedness and response pays off in both public health and economic resilience.

Beyond Lockdowns

Sera disponible le 15 Septembre 2026 à 13:00 CET
Auteur: OCDE
Langue: anglais
Pages: 360

Sera disponible le 15 Septembre 2026 à 14:45 CET
Auteur: OCDE
Langues: anglais-français
Pages: 136

Early insights from practitioner interviews

Sera disponible le 16 Septembre 2026
Auteur: OCDE
Langue: anglais
Pages: 36

This paper examines how agentic AI systems are being developed, deployed and governed in practice. Drawing on interviews with organisations across a range of regions and sectors, it explores emerging applications, benefits, challenges and governance approaches. By complementing conceptual analysis with insights from practitioners, this paper helps strengthen the empirical evidence base for future research and policy discussions on agentic AI.

Sera disponible le 16 Septembre 2026
Auteur: OCDE
Langue: anglais
Pages: 167

Sera disponible le 16 Septembre 2026
Auteur: OCDE
Langue: anglais
Pages: 100

Trust in public institutions is an important indicator of how people perceive the quality of government institutions. Measuring people’s perceptions of institutional competence and values allows insights into how to strengthen trust in these institutions. The Updated OECD Guidelines on Measuring Trust and Trust Drivers in Public Institutions are intended to assist National Statistical Offices and international organisations in collecting these data, thereby contributing to comparable governance statistics that can help inform trust-enhancing policy decisions. They build on the 2017 OECD Guidelines on Measuring Trust as well as the knowledge gained over the past decade, including through the implementation of the OECD Survey on Drivers of Trust in Public Institutions. The updated guidelines highlight the transition of trust as an experimental measure to more formalised standards for cross-country comparable statistics and provide advice on how to collect trust-related data ensuring statistical quality based on the OECD’s Quality Framework and Guidelines for OECD Statistical Activities.

Sera disponible le 16 Septembre 2026 à 09:00 CET
Auteur: OCDE
Langue: anglais
Pages: 133

Strengthening financial literacy is a key policy priority in Finland. To achieve this ambition in a context of rapid digitalisation of financial services, improving digital financial literacy is essential. Finland’s highly digitalised financial environment supports broad access to and use of digital financial products and services, but also creates risks related to complex products such as crypto-assets, over-indebtedness and online fraud. In response, this report proposes a Digital Financial Literacy Strategy for Finland aligned with national and international frameworks. The proposed Strategy sets out a clear vision and strategic objectives, supported by a targeted and co-ordinated action plan to help Finland address remaining gaps in digital financial knowledge, decision making, and awareness and mitigation of online financial risks, particularly among vulnerable groups, including young and older adults and migrants.

Unveiling hidden interdependencies

Sera disponible le 18 Septembre 2026
Auteur: OCDE
Langue: anglais
Pages: 6

Conventional Trade in Value Added (TiVA) indicators track value creation across countries but do not show where the capital used in production originates. This policy brief introduces a capital-endogenised framework that combines OECD Inter-Country Input-Output tables with new matrices of capital flows to trace the value added contributed by machinery, equipment, infrastructure, software, R&D and other physical and intangible assets across borders. The results reveal a deeper level of international integration than conventional measures suggest. Accounting for capital increases average OECD global value chain participation by around 11 percentage points and raises the measured services content of manufacturing exports by 9 percentage points. The framework also provides new insights into export specialisation and foreign capital exposure, highlighting hidden interdependencies in global production. These indicators can support policymaking in several areas, such as trade and investment policy, trade diversification, the design of resilience strategies, industrial policy and innovation support.

Capital‑endogenised TiVA indicators

Sera disponible le 18 Septembre 2026
Auteur: OCDE
Langue: anglais
Pages: 45

Capital goods (such as machines, equipment or infrastructure) and services (such as R&D, databases or software) are central to modern production systems. Yet, in conventional frameworks for the analysis of trade in value added (TiVA), capital is treated as an exogenous component of final demand and does not contribute to value added flows across countries. This simplification can lead to a distorted picture of international competitiveness and interdependence, as it fails to capture a fundamental channel through which countries participate in global value chains. This report develops an analytical framework to endogenise capital within inter-country input-output models and computes capital-augmented TiVA indicators. On average, the GVC participation of OECD Member countries is 11 percentage points higher when accounting for the role of capital inputs. The services content of manufacturing exports is also 9 percentage points higher, as intangible assets play an increasing role in manufacturing competitiveness. Finally, new measures of foreign capital exposure reveal hidden interdependencies across countries through capital.

Mobilising Investment for the Green and Digital Transitions

Sera disponible le 18 Septembre 2026 à 15:00 CET
Auteur: OCDE
Langue: anglais
Pages: 195

This review offers an update of the evolving investment landscape and policy priorities across the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), with a focus on the green and digital transitions. It highlights current trends in foreign direct investment (FDI) and examines their economic and social impacts. The review provides options for policy frameworks to adapt to these shifts, while taking stock of progress in areas such as investment facilitation, tax incentives, regulatory and legal frameworks for FDI, including policies to manage security risks of investment, and the promotion of responsible business practices. By situating FDI within broader regional objectives, such as resilience, inclusiveness, and economic integration, the review aims to shed light on how ASEAN economies can better harness international investment to support long-term development goals.

Sera disponible le 21 Septembre 2026
Auteur: OCDE
Langue: anglais
Pages: 14

Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) is central to addressing future skills needs in the context of demographic change and technological transformation. Yet policymakers often lack the comparable, high-quality, and policy-relevant evidence needed to support informed decision making. Despite improvements in data availability, significant gaps remain in key policy areas. Moreover, the availability of data does not automatically translate into better policy. Challenges related to data accessibility, institutional fragmentation, limited analytical capacity, and disconnected datasets continue to constrain the effective use of evidence. Because effective TVET policy requires understanding not only what works, but also why, under what conditions, and at what cost, this policy brief examines the underlying causes of these challenges, reviews ongoing efforts to strengthen the evidence base, and identifies pathways to improve both data availability and its use in policymaking.

Highlights of a National Dialogue on Water

Sera disponible le 21 Septembre 2026
Auteur: OCDE
Langue: anglais
Pages: 140

A transfer pricing framework for copper

Sera disponible le 21 Septembre 2026 à 11:00 CET
Auteurs: OCDE, Forum intergouvernemental sur les mines, les minéraux, les métaux et le développement durable
Langue: anglais
Pages: 45

In the mining sector, government revenue depends on mineral products being priced and measured accurately. This can be especially challenging for minerals such as copper, which have economically relevant characteristics that may vary and significantly affect pricing. The schedule presented in this report applies the mineral pricing framework – outlined in the joint OECD/IGF work Determining the Price of Minerals: A transfer pricing framework – to identify the primary economic factors influencing the price of copper. It applies the Comparable Uncontrolled Price method and aims to ensure that developing countries are able to tax copper exports appropriately.

Подобряване на конкуренцията чрез застъпничество и сътрудничество

Sera disponible le 23 Septembre 2026
Auteur: OCDE
Langues: bulgare-grec-croate-roumain-anglais-allemand
Pages: 90

Настоящият доклад разглежда предотвратяването, разкриването и докладването на тръжни манипулации при обществените поръчки в шест държави: Австрия, България, Хърватия, Кипър, Гърция и Румъния. Докладът идентифицира начини за укрепване на сътрудничеството между органите по конкуренция, органите и структурите, отговарящи за обществените поръчки, и други публични институции, както и предоставя насоки относно инициативи за застъпничество. В него се анализират теми като про-конкурентното проектиране на тръжни процедури, разкриването на картели за тръжни манипулации, механизмите за освобождаване от санкции или намаляване на санкции и за подаване на сигнали, както и програмите за съответствие. Докладът има за цел да укрепи прилагането на правото на конкуренцията на пазарите на обществени поръчки, като по този начин защитава публичните ресурси.

Institutional Levers for Development Banks, Development Finance Institutions and Shareholders

Sera disponible le 23 Septembre 2026
Auteur: OCDE
Langue: anglais
Pages: 64

New Tools to Support Minimum Income Beneficiaries

Sera disponible le 24 Septembre 2026
Auteur: OCDE
Langue: anglais
Pages: 182

Belgium and Greece are aiming to improve job matching and career progression of groups further from the labour market, as disparities persist despite improved labour market indicators and significant policy efforts. This report assesses the current situation in the two countries, focusing on the employment outcomes and career pathways of Minimum Income Scheme (MIS) beneficiaries. Building on the analysis of linked administrative data and good practices from other EU and OECD Public Employment Services, the report proposes concepts for digital tools enhanced by AI to support job matching and career progression of MIS beneficiaries. It also provides recommendations on the data that can be used to amplify the benefits of such tools. This report is the twenty-third in the OECD’s Connecting People with Jobs series.

Delivering Better Public Administrative Services

Sera disponible le 24 Septembre 2026
Auteur: OCDE
Langue: anglais
Pages: 65

This report examines how OECD governments can deliver better public administrative services (PAS). These are the administrative processes that people use to comply with laws and regulations, access government services and exercise their rights. Examples include registering a birth or death, obtaining a passport or ID, registering to vote, and applying for permits, licences or benefits. PAS are among the most frequent interactions people have with their public institutions. and can affect their trust in those institutions as well as life outcomes. This report presents findings from the first edition of the OECD Serving Citizens survey, which analyses how PAS are organised and delivered in OECD countries, and how they are implementing the 2024 OECD Recommendation on Human-Centred Public Administrative Services. OECD governments can improve public satisfaction by making PAS more integrated, seamless and simple for users.

Sera disponible le 24 Septembre 2026
Auteur: OCDE
Langue: anglais
Pages: 70

Cross-border payments face four challenges: high costs, low speed, limited access and insufficient transparency. This report sets out guidance on improving transparency in retail cross-border payments and remittances to support the implementation of the G20 Roadmap for Enhancing Cross-border Payments. The roadmap calls for all payment service providers to disclose at a minimum key information to payers and payees, including the total transaction cost (showing all relevant charges, including currency conversion charges), expected time of fund delivery, tracking of payment status and terms of service. The guidance also aims to support jurisdictions in the implementation of the G20/OECD High-Level Principles on Financial Consumer Protection, which specifically reference disclosure and transparency in cross-border payments.

Sera disponible le 29 Septembre 2026
Auteurs: OCDE, Banque interaméricaine de développement, La Banque mondiale
Langue: anglais
Pages: 200

This third edition of Health at a Glance: Latin America and the Caribbean, prepared jointly by OECD, the Inter‑American Development Bank and the World Bank, presents a set of key indicators of health status, determinants of health, health data and health system infrastructure, health expenditure and financing, quality of care, health workforce, and ageing across 33 Latin America and the Caribbean countries. Each of the indicators is presented in a user-friendly format, consisting of charts illustrating variations across countries and over time, concise descriptive analyses highlighting the main findings conveyed by the data, and methodological boxes defining the indicators and discussing limitations in data comparability. This edition also includes two thematic chapters focused on issues of particular importance for the region: quality of care, and inequalities in health and healthcare across Latin America and the Caribbean.

Sera disponible le 29 Septembre 2026
Auteur: OCDE
Langue: anglais
Pages: 500

This publication provides additional reference material for Education at a Glance 2026, the authoritative source for data on the state of education around the world. It provides guidance on the data and methodologies used to calculate each indicator. It also contains references to the sources and specific notes for each country.

OECD Indicators

Sera disponible le 29 Septembre 2026 à 11:00 CET
Auteur: OCDE
Langue: anglais
Pages: 600

Education at a Glance is the authoritative source of information on the state of education worldwide. It offers comprehensive data on the structure, financing, and performance of education systems across OECD countries and partner economies. The report presents key insights into the output of educational institutions, the impact of learning across countries, access and participation in education, financial investment in education and school organisation. The 2026 edition has a special focus on teacher shortages, examining their impact across countries and how education systems can respond.

The Role of General Revenues and Social Security Contributions

Sera disponible le 29 Septembre 2026 à 11:00 CET
Auteur: OCDE
Langue: anglais
Pages: 100

This report provides a comprehensive assessment of the financing of Paraguay’s social protection system, with a particular focus on the role of tax revenues and social security contributions. It examines reform options to address financing challenges in contributory health insurance, including the introduction of an additional contribution rate for dependents and the gradual extension of mandatory coverage to different categories of workers. It also assesses the financing challenges of mandatory pension schemes and proposes key parametric reform priorities. The report identifies gaps in the coverage and adequacy of Paraguay’s main social assistance programmes (Tekoporã, Adulto Mayor, and Hambre Cero) and estimates the financing required to expand their coverage under alternative scenarios. It further outlines options to increase general tax revenue, including broadening the personal income tax base. Additional revenue could also be mobilised through higher-excise tax rates on tobacco and alcohol. Finally, the report reviews recent reforms aimed at promoting formalisation and proposes further policy options.

Sera disponible le 30 Septembre 2026
Auteur: OCDE
Langue: anglais
Pages: 15

The OECD Guidelines for Corporate Bond Issuers provide guidance to help policymakers evaluate and improve the legal, regulatory and institutional framework for corporate bond issuers and the role of bondholders in corporate governance. The Guidelines aim to promote efficient capital markets, support financial stability and contribute to sustainable growth. The Guidelines complement the G20/OECD Principles of Corporate Governance by addressing issues specific to bond markets, including bondholder rights and engagement mechanisms. They also provide guidance on how relevant aspects of the G20/OECD Principles of Corporate Governance may be applied to companies that list their bonds without having publicly traded equity.

Implementing a Strategic Vision for Public Integrity and Anti‑Corruption

Sera disponible le 30 Septembre 2026
Auteur: OCDE
Langue: anglais
Pages: 293

Sera disponible le 30 Septembre 2026
Auteur: OCDE
Langue: anglais
Pages: 70

Malaysia is currently reforming its corporate governance framework, including through the revision of the Malaysian Code on Corporate Governance. This report aims to support Malaysia in this process. It assesses Malaysia’s legal and regulatory framework against the G20/OECD Principles of Corporate Governance, focusing on shareholder rights and equitable treatment, market confidence and investor engagement, and board governance, oversight and effectiveness. The report also provides policy recommendations to inform Malaysia’s reform efforts.

Sera disponible le 30 Septembre 2026 à 09:00 CET
Auteur: OCDE
Langue: anglais
Pages: 100

Sera disponible le 30 Septembre 2026 à 11:00 CET
Auteur: OCDE
Langue: anglais
Pages: 688

This publication is the 11th edition of the condensed version of the Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital, a key reference used by OECD Members and non-Members as a basis for negotiating, applying and interpreting bilateral tax treaties. It plays a central role in removing tax-related barriers to cross border trade and investment, helping to prevent tax evasion and avoidance, and addressing issues of international double taxation. This edition contains the Articles and Commentaries of the Model Tax Convention on Income and Capital as it read on 18 November 2025, as well as non-Member economies’ positions, but not the historical notes and background reports that are included in the full version. The Model Tax Convention is updated regularly to reflect developments in international taxation.

Sera disponible le 30 Septembre 2026 à 11:00 CET
Auteur: OCDE
Langue: anglais
Pages: 2600

This publication is the 11th edition of the full version of the Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital, a key reference used by OECD Members and non-Members as a basis for negotiating, applying and interpreting bilateral tax treaties. It plays a central role in removing tax-related barriers to cross border trade and investment, helping to prevent tax evasion and avoidance, and addressing issues of international double taxation. This edition contains the full text of the Model Tax Convention as it read on 18 November 2025, including the Articles, Commentaries, non-Member economies’ positions, the Recommendation of the OECD Council, as well as the historical notes and background reports. The Model Tax Convention is updated regularly to reflect developments in international taxation.

Lessons from Romania

Sera disponible le 30 Septembre 2026 à 11:00 CET
Auteur: OCDE
Langue: anglais
Pages: 89

This report provides practical guidance and recommendations to advance the implementation of the European Union’s (EU) Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) in Romania and other EU Member States. It is intended to support National Competent Authorities, Customs Authorities, and other relevant government agencies and stakeholders in understanding the key features of the CBAM, and in planning effective implementation, operational arrangements, and governance.

From Fragmentation to Alignment

Sera disponible le 1 Octobre 2026
Auteur: OCDE
Langue: anglais
Pages: 66

This report explores how countries are working towards the harmonisation of micro-credentials, which are short, flexible learning opportunities designed to help people gain new skills quickly. While these programmes are expanding rapidly, their growth has often been uneven and hard to navigate, making it difficult for learners to understand their value and for employers to recognise them. Focusing on international experience, this report examines the key elements needed to make micro-credentials work as a coherent system. It looks at how countries define and organise these programmes across education and training sectors, how they build trust in their quality, how they link learning to real labour market needs, and how they support both learners and employers to engage with them. Without greater alignment, micro-credentials risk adding confusion rather than opportunity. With it, policymakers and providers can make learning more flexible, help people adapt to changing jobs and provide clearer signals about skills.

International Co‑operation and New Technologies for Better Emergency Preparedness

Sera disponible le 1 Octobre 2026
Auteur: OCDE
Langue: anglais
Pages: 250

Managing the Transition Beyond Aid

Sera disponible le 1 Octobre 2026
Auteur: OCDE
Langue: anglais
Pages: 110

Sera disponible le 5 Octobre 2026 à 09:30 CET
Auteur: OCDE
Langue: anglais
Pages: 250

Sera disponible le 7 Octobre 2026
Auteur: OCDE
Langue: anglais
Pages: 112

This report explores how public communication is evolving in an age where algorithms are reshaping the way institutions connect with citizens. Drawing on the 2025 OECD Survey of Government Communicators and comparative country experiences, it examines how public communication can adapt to the demands of a rapidly evolving information ecosystem and meet its potential as a lever for policy impact. The report takes stock of the digital disruption reshaping how societies connect, analyses the changing rules of institutions’ online presence, assesses the emerging applications of artificial intelligence in public communication, and sets out a roadmap for reform that strengthens both advanced capabilities and foundational practices.

Sera disponible le 9 Octobre 2026 à 14:00 CET
Auteur: OCDE
Langue: anglais
Pages: 32

This report provides an update on ongoing work examining the role of tax policy, and corporate income tax in particular, in supporting business dynamism, investment, and economic growth. Drawing on ongoing OECD research, it analyses how corporate taxation affects business dynamism through channels such as corporate tax design, compliance costs, loss-relief provisions, financing frictions, and competitive distortions. Finally, it situates the analysis within broader OECD work on the non-tax determinants of business dynamism, highlighting the importance of a coherent policy framework that also addresses wider structural barriers to business growth and dynamism.

Sera disponible le 12 Octobre 2026
Auteur: OCDE
Langue: anglais
Pages: 200

A Practical Guide to Quantifying Morbidity Effects in Environmental Cost‑Benefit Analysis

Sera disponible le 12 Octobre 2026 à 09:00 CET
Auteur: OCDE
Langue: anglais
Pages: 107

New Evidence from the Updated Skills for Jobs Database

Sera disponible le 14 Octobre 2026
Auteur: OCDE
Langue: anglais
Pages: 72

Although labour shortages have eased from their post-pandemic peak, employers continue to report difficulties hiring workers with the right skills. These skill imbalances are expected to intensify. Population ageing will shrink the workforce, while digitalisation, AI and the green transition are rapidly reshaping skill needs. Addressing the gap between the skills employers need and those workers possess requires timely and accurate data. The OECD Skills for Jobs database provides a harmonised and objective measure of skill imbalances in 38 countries. The results reveal persistent and widespread occupational imbalances across OECD labour markets. Shortages are particularly pronounced in high-skilled occupations, such as ICT specialists, science and engineering professionals, health professionals, and teachers. By contrast, lower-skilled occupations are more frequently characterised by labour surpluses. These patterns highlight the growing polarisation of labour market pressures and underline the urgency of policies aimed at improving skill matching and workforce adaptability.

A Policy Framework

Sera disponible le 20 Octobre 2026
Auteur: OCDE
Langue: anglais
Pages: 100

From Streamlining to Structured Bargaining

Sera disponible le 27 Octobre 2026
Auteur: OCDE
Langue: anglais
Pages: 102