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  • 15-December-2022

    English

    Binding of electrophilic chemicals to SH(thiol)-group of proteins and /or to seleno-proteins involved in protection against oxidative stress during brain development leading to impairment of learning and memory

    This Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) describes the linkage between binding to proteins involved in protection against oxidative stress and impairment in learning and memory. Production, binding and degradation of Reactive Oxygen Radicals are tightly regulated in the body, and an imbalance between production and protection may cause oxidative stress, which is common to many toxicity pathways. Oxidative stress may lead to an imbalance in glutamate neurotransmission, which is involved in learning and memory. Oxidative stress may also cause cellular injury and death. During brain development and in particular during the establishment of neuronal connections and networks, such perturbations may lead to functional impairment in learning and memory. The weight-of-evidence supporting the relationship between the key events described in this AOP is based mainly on developmental effects observed after an exposure to mercury, a heavy metal known for its strong affinity to many proteins having anti-oxidant properties. This AOP is referred to as AOP 17 in the Collaborative Adverse Outcome Pathway Wiki (AOP-Wiki).

  • 15-December-2022

    English

    Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation leading to growth inhibition via decreased cell proliferation

    This Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) describes the linkage between uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and growth inhibition via decreased cell proliferation. The mitochondrial OXPHOS machinery is a key physiological process responsible for producing the primary cellular energy, adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Uncoupling of OXPHOS is a well-known mechanism of action of many chemicals and can affect many ATP-dependent biological functions. Cell proliferation in particular, as a major process to achieve organismal growth, is positively correlated with the cellular ATP level and highly susceptible to energy depletion. This AOP causally links uncoupling of OXPHOS to growth inhibition, through ATP depletion and reduced cell proliferation with strong weight of evidence support. This AOP is of high regulatory relevance, as it is considered applicable to both human health and ecological risk assessments. The AOP also forms the core of a larger AOP network addressing uncoupling of OXPHOS mediated growth inhibition. This AOP is referred to as AOP 263 in the Collaborative Adverse Outcome Pathway Wiki (AOP-Wiki).

  • 15-December-2022

    English

    Chitin synthase 1 inhibition leading to mortality

    This Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) describes the linkage between Chitin synthase 1 inhibition and mortality in arthropods. In order to grow and develop, arthropods need to shed their exoskeleton (or cuticle) periodically and replace it with a new one in a process called molting. Successful molting, and therefore a successful development necessitates stability and integrity of the cuticle to support muscular contractions involved in the shedding of the old cuticle. Arthropods heavily rely on chitin synthesis as chitin is one of the main constituents of the cuticle. The cuticular chitin synthase (CHS-1) is the key enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway and arthropods are therefore especially dependent on its proper function. The present AOP describes the effects of CHS-1 chemical inhibition on the molting process leading to increased mortality in arthropods. Knowledge gaps still exist in the process and this AOP may help guiding assay development for further experimental studies, addressing these gaps. This AOP is referred to as AOP 360 in the Collaborative Adverse Outcome Pathway Wiki (AOP-Wiki).

  • 15-December-2022

    English

    Thyroperoxidase inhibition leading to increased mortality via reduced anterior swim bladder inflation

    This Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) describes the linkage between Thyroperoxidase inhibition and increased mortality via reduced anterior swim bladder inflation. The swim bladder is a gas-filled organ found in many bony fish species and typically consists of two gas-filled chambers. The posterior chamber inflates during early development (embryo), while the anterior chamber inflates during late development (larva). Both chambers are important for fish to control buoyancy and the anterior chamber has an additional role in hearing. This AOP is part of a network of 5 AOPs describing how disruption of the thyroid hormone system can affect developmental processes involved in swim bladder inflation. The network includes three molecular initiating events representing the inhibition of enzymes that are important for thyroid hormone synthesis and activation. It describes how inhibition of thyroperoxidase and/or deiodinase, leads to reduced swim bladder inflation, resulting in reduced swimming performance, increased mortality and ultimately, decreased population trajectory in fish. This AOP network is currently mainly based on experimental evidence from studies on fish species with a two-chambered swim bladder. This AOP is referred to as AOP 159 in the Collaborative Adverse Outcome Pathway Wiki (AOP-Wiki).

  • 5-December-2022

    English

    Occupational Biomonitoring

    This report presents current approaches used to derive biomonitoring values and provides globally harmonised recommendations on how-to derive and apply occupational biomonitoring assessment values. It is relevant for occupational health professionals and occupational safety and health specialists, regulatory authorities, industry, researchers, and stakeholders interested in addressing occupational and general population biomonitoring.

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  • 4-November-2022

    English

    Chemical Safety and Biosafety Progress Report

    The Chemical Safety and Biosafety Progress Report is released every eight months. Its purpose is to provide an update on the projects, events and activities. Information on new publications as well as dates and venues of upcoming events and meetings are given.

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  • 11-October-2022

    English

    OECD Good Laboratory Practice: Frequently asked questions (FAQ)

    GLP issues raised by testing labs are covered in this comprehensive list of questions and answers, recently updated with questions related to: Test Facility organisation and personnel, Quality Assurance, Equipment and computerized systems, Test items, reference items and samples/specimens (Biologicals, GMOs, etc.), SOPs, Management of the study, Histopathology, Archives and E-Archives and Monitoring Test Facility compliance by GLP CMAs.

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  • 14-September-2022

    English

    Emission Scenario Documents

    This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) is intended to provide information on emissions of metals during primary and secondary smelting and waste incineration, which cover recycling of electrical and electronic waste. It thus aims to derive the relevant emission factors of metals during smelting, waste incineration and from boilers.

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  • 30-juin-2022

    Français

    Essai n°124 : Détermination de la surface spécifique en volume des nanomatériaux manufacturés

    La présente Ligne directrice pour les essais (LD) décrit une procédure de détermination de la surface spécifique en volume (Volume Specific Surface Area – VSSA) de nanomatériaux manufacturés solides en poudre. La VSSA (en m2/cm3) d’un matériau est calculée en multipliant la surface spécifique (en m2/g) par la densité squelettique (en g/cm3). La présente Ligne directrice explique comment déterminer la SSA externe et interne de nanomatériaux manufacturés solides en poudre à l’aide de la méthode Brunauer, Emmett et Teller (BET). Cette Ligne directrice explique également comment déterminer la densité squelettique (ρ) des nanomatériaux manufacturés par pycnométrie à gaz.
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  • 30-juin-2022

    Français

    Essai n°125 : Taille des particules et distribution granulométrique des nanomatériaux

    La présente ligne directrice, couvrant les nanomatériaux de taille 1 nm à 1000 nm, est consacrée aux mesures de taille et de distribution granulométrique des particules de nanomatériaux. Elle comprend les méthodes suivantes : microscopie à force atomique (AFM, Atomic Force Microscopy), sédimentation par centrifugation en phase liquide (CLS, Centrifugal Liquid Sedimentation) /ultracentrifugation analytique (AUC, Analytical Ultracentrifugation), diffusion dynamique de la lumière (DLS, Dynamic Light Scattering), système d’analyse différentielle de mobilité électrique (DMAS, Differential Mobility Analysis System), analyse par traçage des (nano)particules (PTA/NTA, (Nano)Particle Tracking Analysis), diffusion des rayons X aux petits angles (SAXS, Small Angle X-Ray Scattering), microscopie électronique à balayage (MEB) et microscopie électronique à transmission (MET). Pour la mesure du diamètre et de la longueur des fibres, l’analyse d’images obtenues au microscope électronique est la seule méthode disponible actuellement.
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