Innovation
Frascati Manual
http://oe.cd/frascati
Guidelines for collecting and reporting data on research and experimental development
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The internationally recognised methodology for collecting and using R&D statistics, the OECD's Frascati Manual is an essential tool for statisticians and science and innovation policy makers worldwide. It includes definitions of basic concepts, data collection guidelines, and classifications for compiling R&D statistics. This updated edition contains improved guidelines reflecting recent changes in the way R&D takes place and is funded and the wider use of R&D statistics and definitions. It provides new chapters dedicated to the pratical aspects of collecting R&D data in different sectors, as well as new guidance on capturing different aspects of public support for R&D such as tax incentives. For more information download the Frascati Manual flyer.
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Access the 2015 edition
R&D data and metadata
The Frascati Manual provides the basis upon which the OECD collects and publishes statistics on R&D expenditures and personnel for all OECD countries and major economies.
Frascati Manual user community space
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A community space for OECD Working Party of National Experts on Science and Technology Indicators (NESTI) providers of R&D statistics for discussing manual implementation experiences and seeking advice and support from peers and the OECD. http://oe.cd/frascati-community |
Glossary, annexes and complementary material
Research and experimental development (R&D) comprise creative and systematic work undertaken in order to increase the stock of knowledge – including knowledge of humankind, culture and society – and to devise new applications of available knowledge.
The Glossary of Key Terms provides an up-to-date list of key concepts and definitions used in the Frascati Manual and its annexes
Revision process and previous editions
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The Frascati Manual is based on the experience gained from collecting R&D statistics in both OECD and non-member countries. The 2015 edition is the result of the collective work of NESTI, involving more than 120 experts from nearly 40 countries and international organisations. The revision took place over two years and was supported by an open online consultation and discussions with various other OECD committees. The manual has been endorsed by the OECD Committee for Scientific and Technological Policy (CSTP) and the OECD Committee for Statistics and Statistical Policy (CSSP). The manual owes its name to the Italian town where, in 1962, the OECD Working Party of National Experts on Science and Technology Indicators (NESTI) first agreed on a common approach to measure and report statistics on R&D. The manual has been revised on six occasions to address new challenges and take into account emerging user interests. |
Related material
- 2005 Oslo Manual: Guidelines for Collecting and Interpreting Innovation Data (French)
- Key Science and Technology (S&T) statistics and publications
- OECD Science, Technology and Innovation Scoreboard
- OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook
- Innovation Policy Platform
Contact
For further information, please contact sti.contact@oecd.org
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