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  • 30-September-2014

    English

    Tax benefits from company cars

    Company cars form a large proportion of the car fleet in many countries and are influential in determining the composition of the wider vehicle fleet. When employees provided with a company car use it for personal purposes, personal income tax rules value the benefit in a number of different ways. How accurate these rules are in valuing the benefit has important implications for tax revenue, the environment and other social impacts.

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  • 21-May-2014

    English

    The Cost of Air Pollution - Health Impacts of Road Transport

    Outdoor air pollution kills more than 3 million people across the world every year, and causes health problems from asthma to heart disease for many more. This is costing societies very large amounts in terms of the value of lives lost and ill health. Based on extensive new epidemiological evidence since the 2010 Global Burden of Disease study, and OECD estimates of the Value of Statistical Life, this report provides evidence on the health impacts from air pollution and the related economic costs.
  • 24-December-2013

    English

    The Swedish Tax on Nitrogen Oxide Emissions: Lessons in Environmental Policy Reform - Environment Policy Paper No. 2

    This case study describes the approach taken to reduce NOx emissions from combustion plants, the challenges encountered and the social, environmental and economic impacts. It concludes by discussing the wider lessons that are raised for other governments seeking to develop similar policy responses.

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  • 12-December-2013

    English

    The Political Economy of Fuel Subsidies in Colombia - Environment Working Paper No. 61

    Colombia has made progress towards eliminating fuel and diesel subsidies and reducing discretionary spaces allowing for artificially low fuel prices, but challenges remain. This paper discusses the political economy of fuel subsidies in the country to understand why reform has been so slow.

  • 4-November-2013

    English

    Effective Carbon Prices

    Economic textbooks predict that taxes and emission trading systems are the cheapest way for societies to reduce emissions of CO2. This book shows that this is also the case in the real world. It estimates the costs to society of reducing CO2 emissions in 15 countries using a broad range of policy instruments in 5 of the sectors that generate most emissions: electricity generation, road transport, pulp & paper and cement, as well as households’ domestic energy use. It finds wide variations in the costs of abating each tonne of CO2 within and among countries, as well as in the sectors examined and across different types of policy instruments. Market-based approaches like taxes and trading systems consistently reduced CO2 at a lower cost than other instruments. Capital subsidies and feed-in tariffs were among the most expensive ways of reducing emissions.

  • 4-November-2013

    English, PDF, 700kb

    Effective Carbon Prices - Country Note for Brazil

    This document present a brief synthesis of the costs to society of reducing CO2eq emissions in Brazil. It is based on an examination of a broad range of policy instruments used in the electricity eneration, road transport, pulp and paper, cement and household energy sectors.

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  • 4-November-2013

    English, PDF, 743kb

    Effective Carbon Prices - Country Note in Denmark

    This document present a brief synthesis of the costs to society of reducing CO2eq emissions in Denmark. It is based on an examination of a broad range of policy instruments used in the electricity generation, road transport, pulp and paper, cement and household energy sectors.

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  • 4-November-2013

    English, PDF, 699kb

    Effective Carbon Prices - Country Note for Japan

    This document present a brief synthesis of the costs to society of reducing CO2eq emissions in Japan. It is based on an examination of a broad range of policy instruments used in the electricity generation, road transport, pulp and paper, cement and household energy sectors.

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  • 4-November-2013

    English, PDF, 762kb

    Effective Carbon Prices - Country Note for France

    This document present a brief synthesis of the costs to society of reducing CO2eq emissions in France. It is based on an examination of a broad range of policy instruments used in the electricity generation, road transport, pulp and paper, cement and household energy sectors.

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  • 4-November-2013

    English, PDF, 925kb

    Effective Carbon Prices - Country Note for Germany

    This document present a brief synthesis of the costs to society of reducing CO2eq emissions in Germany. It is based on an examination of a broad range of policy instruments used in the electricity generation, road transport, pulp and paper, cement and household energy sectors.

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