Education at a Glance 2004 - Tables

The indicators presented in the book are based on the data held by OECD as of 30 June 2004. Any subsequent data revisions made by countries - that may impact on the indicator values - are updated in the education database at: http://www1.oecd.org/scripts/cde/members/EDU_UOEAuthenticate.asp

Indicator A1: Educational Attainment of the Adult Population

Table A1.1. Educational attainment: adult population (2002)
Distribution of the 25-to 64-year-old population, by highest level of education attained
Table A1.1a. Educational attainment: males (2002)
Distribution of the 25-to 64-year-old males, by highest level of education attained
Table A1.1b. Educational attainment: females (2002)
Distribution of the 25-to 64-year-old females, by highest level of education attained
Table A1.2. Change in the size of the population

Indicator A2: Current Upper Secondary Graduation Rates and Educational Attainment of the Adult Population

Table A2.1. Upper secondary graduation rates (2002)
Percentage of upper secondary graduates to the population at the typical age of graduation in public and private institutions, by programme destination, programme orientation and gender
Table A2.2. Population that has attained at least upper secondary education (2002)
Percentage, by age group
Table A2.3. Post-secondary non-tertiary graduation rates (2002)
Percentage of post-secondary non-tertiary graduates to the population at the typical age of graduation in public and private institutions, by programme destination and gender

Indicator A3: Current Tertiary Graduation and Survival Rates and Educational Attainment of the Adult Population

Table A3.1. Tertiary graduation rates (2002)
Percentage of tertiary graduates to the population at the typical age of graduation, by programme destination and duration
Table A3.2. Survival rates in tertiary education (2000)
Number of graduates divided by the number of new entrants in the typical year of entrance, by programme destination, and distribution of graduates by duration of programme
Table A3.3. Population that has attained tertiary education (2002)
Percentage of the population which has attained tertiary-type B education or tertiary-type A and advanced research programmes, by age group
Table A3.4a. Trends in educational attainment of the 25- to 64-year-old population (1991-2002)
Table A3.4b. Trends in educational attainment of the 25- to 34-year-old population (1991-2002)
Table A3.4c. Trends in educational attainment of the 25- to 34-year-old population (1998-2002)
Percentage which has attained tertiary education type 5A/6

Indicator A4: Tertiary Graduates by Field of Study

Table A4.1. Tertiary graduates, by field of study (2002)
Table A4.2. Percentage of tertiary qualifications awarded to females, by type of tertiary education and by field of study (2002)

Indicator A5: Trends in 4th-grade Students’ Reading Literacy Performance

Table A5.1. Trends in reading literacy performance (1991-2001)
Table A5.2. Trends in gender differences in reading literacy performance (1991-2001)
Table A5.3. Progress in reading literacy performance, by subscale (1991-2001)

Indicator A6: Reading Literacy of 15-year-olds

Table A6.1. Reading proficiency of 15-year-olds (2000)
Percentage of 15-year-olds at each level of proficiency on the PISA reading literacy scale
Table A6.2. Variation in performance in reading literacy of 15-year-olds (2000)
Performance of 15-year-olds on the PISA reading literacy scale, by percentile
Table A6.3. Mean performance in reading literacy of 4th-grade students and 15-year-olds (2000,2001)
Performance of 4th-grade students on the PIRLS reading literacy scale and of 15-year-olds on the PISA reading literacy scale

Indicator A7: Mathematical and Scientific Literacy of 15-year-olds

Table A7.1. Variation in performance in mathematical literacy of 15-year-olds (2000)
Performance of 15-year-olds on the PISA mathematical literacy scale, by percentile
Table A7.2. Variation in performance in scientific literacy of 15-year-olds (2000)
Performance of 15-year-olds on the PISA scientific literacy scale, by percentile

Indicator A8: 15-year-olds’ Engagement in School - A Sense of Belonging and Participation

Table A8.1. Mean scores on two indices of students' engagement in school (2000)
Table A8.2. Prevalance of students with low sense of belonging and low participation (2000)

Indicator A9: Gender Differences in Student Performance

Table A9.1. 15-year-olds' occupational expectations by age 30, by gender (2000)
Percentage of 15-year-olds expecting to have a white- or blue-collar occupation, by gender
Table A9.2. Performance of 4th-grade students and gender (2001)
Mean performance of 4th grade students on the PIRLS reading literacy scale, by gender
Table A9.3. Performance of 15-year-old students and gender (2000)
Mean performance of 15-year-olds on the PISA reading, mathematical, and scientific literacy scales
Table A9.4. Civic knowledge of 14-year-old students and gender (1999)
Mean performance of 14-year-olds on the civic knowledge scale
Table A9.5a. Gender differences among 15-year-olds in self-regulated learning (2000)
Difference between male and female 15-year-old students' scores on PISA self-regulated learning indices
Table A9.5b. Gender differences among 15-year-olds in self-regulated learning (2000)
Difference between male and female 15-year-old students' scores on PISA self-regulated learning indices

Indicator A10: Labour Force Participation by Level of Educational Attainment

Table A10.1a. Employment ratios and educational attainment (2002)
Number of 25 to 64-year-olds in employment as a percentage of the population aged 25 to 64, by level of education attained and gender
Table A10.1b. Unemployment ratio and educational attainment (2002)
Number of 25 to 64-year-olds who are unemployed as a percentage of the population aged 25 to 64, by level of education attained and gender
Table A10.1c. Ratio of the population not in the labour force and educational attainment (2002)
Number of 25 to 64-year-olds not in the labour force as a percentage of the population aged 25 to 64, by level of education attained and gender
Table A10.2a Trends in employment ratios by educational attainment (1991-2002)
Number of 25 to 64-year-olds in employment as a percentage of the population aged 25 to 64, by level of educational attainment
Table A10.2b Trends in unemployment ratio by educational attainment (1991-2002)
Number of 25 to 64-year-olds who are unemployed as a percentage of the population aged 25 to 64, by level of educational attainment
Table A10.2c Trends in the ratio of the population not in the labour force by educational attainment (1991-2002)
Number of 25 to 64-year-olds not in the labour force as a percentage of the population aged 25 to 64, by level of educational attainment

Indicator A11: The Returns to Education: Education and Earnings

Table A11.1a. Relative earnings of the population with income from employment. By level of educational attainment and gender for 25- to 64-year-olds and 30- to 44-year-olds (upper secondary education = 100)
Table A11.1b. Differences in earnings between females and males. Average annual earnings of females as a percentage of males by level of educational attainment of 30- to 44-year-olds and 55- to 64-year-olds
Table A11.2 Trends in relative earnings: adult population (1997-2002)
By educational attainment, for 25-to 64- year-old population (upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education = 100)
Table A11.2a Trends in relative earnings: male population (1997-2002)
By educational attainment, for 25-to 64- year-old males (upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education = 100)
Table A11.2b Trends in relative earnings: female population (1997-2002)
By educational attainment, for 25-to 64- year-old females (upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education = 100)
Table A11.3 Trends in differences in earnings between females and males (1997-2002)
Average annual earnings of females as a percentage of males by level of educational attainment of 25- to 64-year-olds
Table A.11.4. Private internal rates of return (RoR) for individuals obtaining an upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education (ISCED 3/4) from a lower secondary level of education (ISCED 0/1/2) (2001)
Table A.11.5. Private internal rates of return (RoR) for individuals obtaining a tertiary-level degree or an advanced research qualification (ISCED 5(A,B)/6) from an upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary level of education (ISCED 3/4) (2001)
Table A.11.6. Social internal rates of return (RoR) for individuals obtaining upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education (ISCED 3/4) from a lower secondary level of education (ISCED 0/1/2) (2001)
Table A.11.7. Social internal rates of return (RoR) for individuals obtaining a tertiary-level degree or an advanced research qualification (ISCED 5(A, B)/6) from an upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary level of education (ISCED 3/4) (2001)

Indicator B1: Educational Expenditure per Student

Table B1.1 Annual expenditure on educational institutions per student (2001)
in equivalent US dollars converted using PPPs, by level of education, based on full-time equivalents
Table B1.2 Annual expenditure on educational institutions per student relative to GDP per capita (2001)
By level of education, based on full-time equivalents
Table B1.3 Cumulative expenditure on educational institutions per student over the average duration of tertiary studies (2001)
In equivalent US dollars converted using PPPS, by type of programme
Table B1.4 Distribution of expenditure on educational institutions compared to number of students enrolled at each level of education (2001)
Percentage
Table B1.5 Change in expenditure on educational institutions per student relative to different factors, by level of education (1995, 2001)
Index of change between 1995 and 2001 (1995=100, 2001 constant prices )
Table B1.6 Change in expenditure on educational institutions per student and national income, by level of education (1995, 2001)
In equivalent US dollars converted using PPPs (2001 constant prices and 2001 constant PPPs )

Indicator B2: Expenditure on Educational Institutions Relative to Gross Domestic Product

Table B2.1a Expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP for all levels of education (1990, 1995, 2001)
from public and private sources, by source of fund and year
Table B2.1b Expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP by level of education (1995, 2001)
from public and private sources, by source of fund and year
Table B2.1c Expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP, by level of education (2001)
from public and private sources
Table B2.2 Change in expenditure on educational institutions (1995, 2001)
Index of change between 1995 and 2001 in expenditure on educational institutions from public and private sources, by level of education (1995=100, 2001 constant prices)

Indicator B3: Relative Proportions of Public and Private Investment in Educational Institutions

Table B3.1 Relative proportions of public and private expenditure on educational institutions for all levels of education (1995, 2001)
Distribution of public and private sources of funds for educational institutions after transfers from public sources, by year
Table B3.2a Relative proportions of public and private expenditure on educational institutions, by level of education (1995, 2001)
Distribution of public and private sources of funds for educational institutions after transfers from public sources, by year
Table B3.2b Relative proportions of public and private expenditure on educational institutions, for tertiary education (1995, 2001)
Distribution of public and private sources of funds for educational institutions after transfers from public sources, by year
Table B3.3 Distribution of total public expenditure on education (2001)
Public expenditure on education transferred to educational institutions and public transfers to the private sector as a percentage of total public expenditure on education, by level of education

Indicator B4: Total Public Expenditure on Education

Table B4.1 Total public expenditure on education (1995, 2001)
Direct public expenditure on educational institutions plus public subsidies to households (which include subsidies for living costs, and other private entities) as a percentage of GDP and as a percentage of total public expenditure, by level of education and year
Table B4.2a Initial sources of public educational funds and final purchasers of educational resources (2001)
by level of government for primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education
Table B4.2b Initial sources of public educational funds and final purchasers of educational resources (2001)
by level of government for tertiary education

Indicator B5: Support for Students and Households through Public Subsidies

Table B5.1 Public subsidies for households and other private entities as a percentage of total public expenditure on education and GDP, for primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education (2001)
Direct public expenditure on educational institutions and subsidies for households and other private entities
Table B5.2 Public subsidies for households and other private entities as a percentage of total public expenditure on education and GDP, for tertiary education (2001)
Direct public expenditure on educational institutions and subsidies for households and other private entities

Indicator B6: Expenditure on Institutions by Service Category and by Resource Category

Table B6.1 Expenditure on institutions by service category as a percentage of GDP (2001)
Expenditure on instruction, R&D and ancillary services in educational institutions and private expenditure on educational goods purchased outside educational institutions
Table B6.2 Annual expenditure per student on core services, ancillary services and R&D (2001)
Expenditure on educational institutions in US dollars converted using PPPs from public and private sources, by type of service and level of education
Table B6.3 Expenditure on educational institutions by resource category and level of education (2001)
Distribution of total and current expenditure on educational institutions from public and private sources

Indicator C1: School Expectancy and Enrolment Rates

Table C1.1. School expectany (2002)
Expected years of schooling under current conditions (excluding education for children under the age of five)
Table C1.2. Enrolment rates (2002)
Full-time and part-time students in public and private institutions, by age
Table C1.3. Transition characteristics at ages 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20 (2002)
Net enrolment rates by level of education in public and private institutions (based on head counts)

Indicator C2: Entry into and Expected Years in Tertiary Education and Participation in Secondary Education

Table C2.1. Entry rates into tertiary education and age distribution of new entrants (2002)
Sum of net entry rates for each year of age, by gender and programme destination
Table C2.2. Expected years in tertiary education and changes in total tertiary enrolment (2002)
Expected years under current conditions, by gender and mode of study, and index of change (1995=100)
Table C2.3. Students enrolled in public and private institutions and full-time and part-time programmes in tertiary education (2002)
Distribution of students, by mode of study, type of institution and programme destination
Table C2.4. Students enrolled in public and private institutions and full-time and part-time programmes in primary and secondary education (2002)
Distribution of students, by mode of study and type of institution
Table C2.5. Upper secondary enrolment patterns (2002)
Percentage of students in public and private upper secondary institutions by programme orientation

Indicator C3: Foreign Students in Tertiary Education

Table C3.1. Exchange of students in tertiary education (2002)
Foreign students enrolled as a percentage of all students (foreign plus domestic) and exchange of students as a percentage of total tertiary enrolment
Table C3.2. Foreign students in tertiary education by country of origin (2002)
Number of foreign students enrolled in tertiary education from a given country of origin as a percentage of all foreign students in the country of destination, based on head counts
Table C3.3. Citizens studying abroad in tertiary education by country of destination (2002
Number of students enrolled in tertiary education in a given country of destination as a percentage of all students enrolled abroad, based on head counts
Table C3.4. Distribution of foreign students by level and type of tertiary education (2002)
Table C3.5. Distribution of tertiary foreign students by field of study (2002)
Table C3.6 Foreign students from throughout the world enrolled in reporting OECD and OECD partner countries
Table C3.7. Number of foreign students in tertiary education by country of origin and country of destination (2002)
Number of foreign students enrolled in tertiary education by country of origin and country of destination, head counts

Indicator C4: Education and Work Status of the Youth Population

Table C4.1a Expected years in education and not in education for 15-to 29-year-olds (2002)
By gender and work status
Table C4.1b Change in expected years in education and not in education for 15-to 29-year-olds (1998-2002)
By gender
Table C4.2. Percentage of the youth population in education and not in education (2002)
Table C4.2a. Percentage of young males in education and not in education (2002)
Table C4.2b. Percentage of young females in education and not in education (2002)
Table C4.3. Percentage of the population not in education and unemployed in the total population (2002)
Table C4.4. Change in the percentage of the youth population in education and not in education (1995-2002)
Table C4.4a. Change in the percentage of young males in education and not in education (1995-2002)
Table C4.4b. Change in the percentage of young females in education and not in education (1995-2002)

Indicator C5: The Situation of the Youth Population with Low Levels of Education

Table C5.1. Percentage of 20-to 24-year-olds not in education, by level of educational attainment, work status and gender (2002)
Table C5.2. Percentage of 20-to 24-year-olds not born in the country (2002)
Table C5.3. Percentage of 20-to 24-year-olds non students with low level of educational attainment, not in the labour force and who never had a job, by gender (2002)

Indicator D1: Total Intended Instruction Time for Students in Primary and Secondary Education

Table D1.1. Compulsory and non-compulsory instruction time in public institutions (2002)
Average number of hours per year of total compulsory and non-compulsory instruction time in the curriculum for 7 to 8, 9 to 11, 12 to 14 and 15-year-olds
Table D1.2a. Instruction time per subject as a percentage of total compulsory instruction time for 9- to 11-year-olds (2002)
Percentage of intended instruction time devoted to various subject areas within the total compulsory curriculum
Table D1.2b. Instruction time per subject as a percentage of total compulsory instruction time for 12 to 14-year-olds (2002)
Percentage of intended instruction time devoted to various subject areas within the total compulsory curriculum

Indicator D2: Class Size and Ratio of Students to Teaching Staff

Table D2.1.Average class size, by type of institution and level of education (2002) Calculations based on number of students and number of classes
Table D2.2. Ratio of students to teaching staff in educational institutions (2002)
by level of education,calculations based on full-time equivalents
Table D2.3.Teaching staff and non-teaching staff employed in educational institutions (2002)
Teaching staff and non-teaching staff in primary and secondary schools per 1 000 students, calculation based on full time equivalents

Indicator D3: Teachers’ Salaries

Table D3.1.Teachers' salaries (2002)
Annual statutory teachers' salaries in public institutions at starting salary, after 15 years of experience and at the top of the scale by level of education, in equivalent US dollars converted using PPPs
Table D3.2a. Adjustments to base salary for teachers in public institutions (2002)
Types of criteria to adjust base salary awarded to teachers in public institutions
Table D3.2b. Adjustments to base salary for teachers in public institutions made by the head teacher/school principal (2002)
Types of criteria to adjust base salary awarded to teachers in public institutions where the head teacher/school principal has the responsibility for making the award,
Table D3.2c. Adjustments to base salary for teachers in public institutions made by the local or regional authority (2002)
Types of criteria to adjust base salary awarded to teachers in public institutions where the local or regional authority has the responsibility for making the award
Table D3.2d. Adjustments to base salary for teachers in public institutions made by the national authority (2002)
Types of criteria to adjust base salary awarded to teachers in public institutions where the national authority has the responsibility for making the award
Table D3.3. Change in teachers' salaries (1996 and 2002)
Index of change1 between 1996 and 2002 in teachers' salaries at starting salary, after 15 years of experience and at the top of the salary scale, by level of education, converted to 2002 price levels using GDP deflators (1996=100)

Indicator D4: Teaching Time and Teachers’ Working Time

Table D4.1 The organisation of teachers' working time (2002)
Number of teaching weeks, teaching days, net teaching hours, and teacher working time over the school year
Table D4.2 Number of teaching hours per year (1996, 2002)
Net contact time in hours per year in public institutions by level of education, and index of change from 1996 to 2002

Indicator D5: Student Admission, Placement and Grouping Policies in Upper Secondary Schools

Table D5.1. Student admission and placement policies in upper secondary education as reported by school principals (2001)
Percentage of upper secondary students attending schools where the principal reported that various factors are always, sometimes or never considered when students are admitted or placed in upper secondary programmes in the school
Table D5.2. Indices of admission and placement policies related to student's performance (2001)
Country means and standard deviations on the international standard index and index values at different percentiles of the upper secondary student population
Table D5.3. Frequency of using various criteria in grouping students in upper secondary schools as reported by school principals (2001)
Percentage of upper secondary students attending schools where the principal reported that different grouping policies are always, sometimes or never used
Table D5.4. Index of selective grouping policies within schools as reported by school principals (2001)
Country means and standard deviations on the international standard index and index values at different percentiles of the upper secondary student population

Indicator D6: Decision Making in Education Systems

Table D6.1 Percentage of decisions relating to public sector, lower secondary education, taken at each level of government (2003)
Table D6.2. Percentage of decisions relating to public sector, lower secondary education, taken at each level of government, by domain of decision making (2003)
Table D6.3.Percentage of decisions taken at the school level in relation to public sector, lower secondary education, by mode of decision making (2003)
Table D6.4.Percentage of decisions taken at the school level in public lower secondary education, by mode and domain of decision-making (2003)
Table D6.5. Level of government at which different types of decisions about curriculum are taken in public sector, lower secondary education (2003)
Table D6.6. Percentage of decisions taken at each level of government relating to public sector, lower secondary education (1998, 2003)

Indicator D7: Age and gender distribution of teachers, and staff employed in education

Table D7.1 Age distribution of teachers (2002)
Percentage of teachers in public and private institutions by level of education and age group, based on head counts
Table D7.2 Gender distribution of teachers (2002)
Percentage of females among teaching staff in public and private institutions by level of education, based on head counts
Table D7.3 Age distribution of teachers (1998, 2002)
Percentage of teachers in public and private institutions in secondary education, based on head counts

Skills beyond school

Education at a Glance 2004 - Tables