Introduction

• Canada: Encouraging the Use of Summative Data for Formative Purposes
  By Anne Sliwka, Marian Fushell, Martine Gauthier and Rick Johnson
  
• Denmark: Building on a Tradition of Democracy and Dialogue in Schools
  By John Townshend, Lejf Moos and Poul Skov
  
• England: Implementing Formative Assessment in a High Stakes Environment
  By Janet Looney and Dylan Wiliam
  
• Finland: Emphasising Development instead of Competition and Comparison
  By Joke Voogt and Helena Kasurinen
  
• Italy: A System in Transition
  By Janet Looney, Cosimo Laneve and Maria Teresa Moscato
  
• New Zealand: Embedding Formative Assessment in Multiple Policy Initiatives
  By Janet Looney and Jenny Poskitt
  
• Queensland, Australia: An Outcomes-based Curriculum
  By Judy Sebba and Graham Maxwell
  
• Scotland: Developing a Coherent System of Assessment
  By Anne Sliwka and Ernest Spencer