Costa Rica’s social and economic progress has been remarkable. Over the last 30 years, growth has been steady and GDP per capita has tripled. A strong commitment towards trade openness has been key to attract foreign direct investment and move Costa Rica up in the global value chain. Costa Rica faces substantial challenges to retain achieved successes and to continue converging towards higher living standards. The fiscal situation remains a critical vulnerability. Large deficits and rapidly rising public debt threaten Costa Rica’s achievements. The fiscal reform approved in December 2018 was a historic step to restore fiscal sustainability. Boosting growth is also a key priority, as the gap in GDP per capita with advanced economies remains large and unemployment is high. Inequality and informality remain also high. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted Costa Rica, with the global economic slowdown and the necessary containment measures hampering growth prospects and fiscal accounts. Responding successfully to these substantial challenges will hinge on buttressing the fiscal framework and implementing reforms to foster inclusive growth. Further advances on living standards will hinge on raising productivity by setting the right conditions for domestic companies to thrive and maintaining and reinforcing the commitment to foreign direct investment and trade. Maintaining the commitment to preserving natural resources and biodiversity and with the decarbonisation plan will pay off in terms of growth and jobs. SPECIAL FEATURES: REGULATIONS; FINANCIAL INCLUSION