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The most open sectors of the Chilean economy show higher wages relative to the other sectors, according to this analysis of the relationship between wages and levels of trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) openness in twenty-nine sectors in Chile.
OECD papers on trade and environment, free to access and download, on how trade affects the environment and how environmental concerns affect trade, covering a wide range of issues and countries.
OECD analyses how the increasing number of regional and bilateral trade agreements deal with environmental issues. This document sets out a framework for evaluating the implementation of environmental provisions in regional trade agreements.
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International economic integration, while generating important benefits, requires a flexible and efficient social security system that assists workers displaced by external competition or other structural changes, according to this study of trade, employment and wages in Italy.
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Trade has little impact on individual-level wages, according to this analysis of the link between trade and labour market outcomes (such as wages and employment) in Germany.
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This paper examines the effects of exports on employment (i.e. the number of workers), working-hours, and total worker-hours (i.e. employment times working-hours) in Japan.
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The reduction in trade costs associated with Mexico's entry to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is related to larger employment expansions in low-skill occupations, according to this study.
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Empirical evidence on the relationship between trade and informal labour markets suggests variations due to country-specific characteristics - in particular, labour market rigidity, capital mobility, level of economic development and heterogeneity of the informal workforce.
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Agriculture continues to create jobs in rural areas of South Africa, albeit mainly in low-wage occupations, and future trade liberalisation would increase employment in the agricultural sector, according to this study.
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This paper reviews the main schools of thought on the political economy of trade and employment - in particular, the potential costs of liberalisation and the manner that concerns about these costs may inhibit countries' willingness to open markets.
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