Agricultural Trade and Employment in South Africa

Agriculture continues to create jobs in rural areas of South Africa, albeit mainly in low-wage occupations, and future trade liberalisation would increase employment in the agricultural sector, according to this study.

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• Trade and jobs

Employment and the Political Economy of Trade: A Structured Review of the Literature

This paper reviews the main schools of thought on the political economy of trade and employment - in particular, the potential costs of liberalisation and the manner that concerns about these costs may inhibit countries' willingness to open markets.

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• Trade and jobs

Wage Implications of Trade Liberalisation: Evidence for Effective Policy Formation

Imports tend to bring wages up for skilled workers rather than push wages down, according to this study of the relationship between wages and trade in 55 countries and 40 industries. This positive effect is evidence of the increased productivity of firms who import inputs.

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• Trade and jobs
• Trade liberalisation

To What Extent Do Exchange Rates and their Volatility Affect Trade?

Exchange rate levels affect trade flows in agriculture and in the manufacturing and mining sector in China, the Euro area and the United States, though they do not explain in their entirety the trade imbalances in these three economies, this paper finds.

Comparative Advantage and Trade Performance: Policy Implications

Physical and human capital (especially second- and third-level education), financial development and some aspects of labour market institutions are important policy and institutional areas that determine comparative advantage today, according to this paper.

OECD and IEA recommend reforming fossil-fuel subsidies to improve the economy and the environment

Governments and taxpayers spent about half a trillion dollars last year supporting the production and consumption of fossil fuels. Removing inefficient subsidies would raise national revenues and reduce greenhouse-gas emissions, according to OECD and IEA analyses.

Launch of the OECD Inventory of Estimated Budgetary Support and Tax Expenditures Relating to Fossil Fuels

This Inventory provides reliable and comparable data on support or tax expenditures for fossil fuel production or use in OECD countries. Reforming fossil fuel subsidies can contribute to achieving economic and fiscal objectives, while also tackling environmental problems like climate change.

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• OECD and IEA recommend reforming fossil-fuel subsidies to improve the economy and the environment

Smart Rules for Fair Trade: 50 Years of Export Credits (Sept. 2011)

OECD export credits work is one of the basic building blocks of the ever growing structure of global trade agreements that aim to maintain open and efficient markets.

Agriculture: Support to agriculture at historic lows, OECD says

Government support to agriculture in OECD countries fell to 18% of total farm receipts in 2010, a record low linked to high commodity prices, but has been rising in large emerging economies, according to a new OECD report.

Trade Facilitation Indicators: The Impact on Trade Costs

Advance rulings, formalities and procedures, information availability and inter-agency cooperation are the policy areas with the greatest impact on trade volumes and trade costs, according to OECD trade facilitation indicators studied in this report.