Global Production Networks and Employment: A Developing Country Perspective

Internationalised firms in developing economies tend to employ more workers and pay higher wages than firms that deal exclusively with the domestic market, according to this paper that shows the links between global value chains (GVCs) and labour market outcomes. Engagement in international activities by firms provides greater opportunities for women to enter the formal employment market, the paper also shows.

Global Value Chains and Developing Country Employment: A Literature Review

How do global value chains (GVCs) impact employment markets in developing countries? This paper reviews the literature on the subject, focusing on the labour market impacts of three processes that lie at the core of GVC development: importing, exporting, and foreign direct investment (FDI). The paper includes two case studies — electronics in Asia and services in Chile - that demonstrate the complexity of the issues involved.

Different Partners, Different Patterns: Trade and Labour Market Dynamics in Brazil's Post-Liberalisation Period

To what extent has the greater external exposure of the Brazilian economy in the past decade contributed to the evolution of employment in the country? This paper finds that Brazilian exports expanded vigorously in the 2000s and contributed positively to employment generation, though this contribution was relatively small.

State-Owned Enterprises: Trade Effects and Policy Implications

With a growing integration via trade and investment, state-owned enterprises (SOEs) that have traditionally been oriented towards domestic markets increasingly compete with private firms in the global market place. This paper presents a conceptual discussion of how potential SOE advantages can generate cross-border effects.

Trade Facilitation Indicators: The Potential Impact of Trade Facilitation on Developing Countries' Trade

Drawing on OECD trade facilitation indicators, this paper finds that the combined effect of comprehensive trade facilitation reform would reach almost 14.5% reduction of total trade costs for low income countries, 15.5% for lower middle income countries and 13.2% for upper middle income countries.

Trade and Labour Market Adjustment

Occupation-level analysis of short-term labour market impacts from trade can provide policy makers with better insights than industry-level studies, says this paper using a unique dataset based on harmonised labour force surveys from Canada, Israel, United Kingdom, United States, Brazil and South Africa. For instance, occupation-level data shows that imports can be associated with higher wages and a lower probability of unemployment.

Estimating the Constraints to Agricultural Trade of Developing Countries

Agricultural trade can be a powerful engine for economic growth, poverty reduction, and development. However, efforts by developing countries to expand their agricultural trade are often hampered by domestic supply-side constraints such as lack of trade-related infrastructure. This report looks at some of the most important of these constraints, and features case studies from Indonesia, Zambia and Mozambique.

The OECD Regulatory Reform Review of Indonesia: Market Openness

This paper focuses on the market openness aspects of regulatory reform in Indonesia to devise recommendations for improving the country’s regulatory processes. These recommendations involve institutionalising independent and objective evaluations of policies from an economy-wide perspective, as well as instituting a process by which broad public consultations are systematically required.

Trade, Employment and Structural Change: The Australian Experience

International trade produces income gains, but increased trade exposure also creates some challenges that require complementary policies to maximise the benefits of trade. This paper looks at how Australia has dealt with these issues in recent years.

Related Documents

• Trade and jobs

Global Imbalances: Trade Effects and Policy Challenges

Trade policy reforms have a role to play in reducing large current account imbalances, this paper finds. A multilateral and co-ordinated approach to reducing imbalances, involving macroeconomic, exchange rate and structural reforms, is essential for achieving maximum benefits for all countries.<