Trade and Employment in Italy

International economic integration, while generating important benefits, requires a flexible and efficient social security system that assists workers displaced by external competition or other structural changes, according to this study of trade, employment and wages in Italy.

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Employment and the Political Economy of Trade: A Structured Review of the Literature

This paper reviews the main schools of thought on the political economy of trade and employment - in particular, the potential costs of liberalisation and the manner that concerns about these costs may inhibit countries' willingness to open markets.

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• Trade and jobs

Employment and Trade in France

This paper draws on three data sources to establish a matched firm-level data set covering trade, economic variables and employment for the time period from 1995 to 2004.

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• Trade and jobs

Wage Implications of Trade Liberalisation: Evidence for Effective Policy Formation

Imports tend to bring wages up for skilled workers rather than push wages down, according to this study of the relationship between wages and trade in 55 countries and 40 industries. This positive effect is evidence of the increased productivity of firms who import inputs.

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• Trade and jobs
• Trade liberalisation

To What Extent Do Exchange Rates and their Volatility Affect Trade?

Exchange rate levels affect trade flows in agriculture and in the manufacturing and mining sector in China, the Euro area and the United States, though they do not explain in their entirety the trade imbalances in these three economies, this paper finds.

Comparative Advantage and Trade Performance: Policy Implications

Physical and human capital (especially second- and third-level education), financial development and some aspects of labour market institutions are important policy and institutional areas that determine comparative advantage today, according to this paper.

Trade Facilitation Indicators: The Impact on Trade Costs

Advance rulings, formalities and procedures, information availability and inter-agency cooperation are the policy areas with the greatest impact on trade volumes and trade costs, according to OECD trade facilitation indicators studied in this report.

The Trade Effects of Phasing Out Fossil-Fuel Consumption Subsidies

A co-ordinated multilateral removal of fossil-fuel consumption subsidies over the 2013-2020 period would increase global trade volumes by 0.1% by 2020, according to this report.

Agricultural Progress and Poverty Reduction: Synthesis Report

Is agriculture more important than other sources of earned income in reducing poverty? Which government policy actions have contributed most? This study compares socio-economic characteristics of twenty-five countries that have made exceptional progress in reducing poverty.

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• Agricultural progress and poverty reduction

Trade in Tasks

Trade in tasks represents the latest turn in a virtuous cycle of deepening specialisation of labour, expansion of the market and productivity growth. This paper analyses the task content of goods and services and sheds light on structural changes that take place following trade liberalisation.