Providing greater old-age security in China

With ongoing migration of the younger cohorts to urban areas, the increase in the old-age dependency ratio will be even more pronounced in rural than in urban areas.

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In recent years, policymaking in China has put increasing emphasis on stemming the growth in inequality, which had been fairly steep since the 1980s.

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China’s labour market in transition: job creation, migration and regulation

Over the past decade, the share of jobs not controlled by the state has increased considerably, whilst employment in agriculture has declined, against the backdrop of ongoing urbanisation.

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DEV Working Paper No. 287: Why do so many women end up in bad jobs? A cross-country assessment

There is an increasing concern in the development community about the increase in the ‘feminisation of bad jobs’ of many developing countries. Indeed, recent analysis shows a growing proportion of women are in jobs with poor working conditions and low pay. But what is driving this phenomenon?

DEV Working Paper No. 285: The emerging middle class in developing countries

The shift in global goods production towards Asia is well documented. But global consumer demand has so far been concentrated in the rich economies of the OECD. Will that also shift towards Asia as these countries get richer?

Trends in South African Income Distribution and Poverty since the Fall of Apartheid (Social, Employment and Migration Working Paper No. 101)

This report presents a detailed analysis of changes in poverty and inequality since the fall of Apartheid, and the potential drivers of such developments. National survey data used show that South Africa’s high aggregate level of income inequality increased between 1993 and 2008...

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Minimum-income Benefits in OECD Countries: Policy Design, Effectiveness and Challenges (Social, Employment and Migration Working Paper No. 100)

This paper provides an overview of social assistance and other minimum-income programmes in OECD countries, summarises their main features, and highlights a number of current policy challenges.

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How to reform the Belgian tax system to enhance economic growth

Individual elements in the Belgian tax system affect the growth process through different channels and to a varying degree.

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Happiness and Age Cycles - Return to Start...? On the Functional Relationship between Subjective Well-being and Age (Social, Employment and Migration Working Paper No. 99)

Previous happiness research has explicitly assumed that subjective well-being is U-shaped in age. This paper sheds new light on this issue testing several functional forms...

How do institutions affect structural unemployment in times of crises?

This paper examines the effect of economic crises on structural unemployment using an Autoregressive Distributed Lags model and accounting for the role of institutional settings.