Permanent URL of this page: www.oecd.org/innovation/strategy/measuring
This animated graphics video shows the different ways OECD countries fund business R&D.
OECD's Measuring Innovation: A New Perspective (presentation about this new OECD publication, PPT)
Corrigendum, 30 March 2011
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Chapter 1: Innovation today
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Sources of growth
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Decomposition of growth in GDP per capita, 2001-08
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New sources of growth
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Labour productivity growth: adding the contribution of intangible assets, 1995-2006
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Intangible assets
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Investment in fixed and intangible assets as a share of GDP, 2006
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Innovation beyond R&D
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New-to-market product innovators, 2004-06
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Protection of innovation
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Patents and trademarks per capita, 2005-07
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Trademarks
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Service-related trademarks, 2008
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Comparing cycles: United States Gross Domestic Product and trademark applications at the USPTO, 1999-2010
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Mixed modes of innovation
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Complementary innovation strategies in manufacturing, 2004-06
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Complementary innovation strategies in services, 2004-06
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Collaboration in innovation
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Firms with national/international collaboration on innovation, 2004-06
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Collaboration on innovation, 2004-06
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Mapping hot research areas
Hot research areas on a science map, 2008
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Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research
Locations of inter-/multidisciplinary research areas on the science map, 2008
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New players in research
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Scientific articles and co-authorship, 1998 and 2008
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Scientific collaboration
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Trends in co-operation on scientific articles, 1985-2007
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Scientific collaboration with BRIC countries, 1998 and 2008
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Clusters of knowledge
Patents per million inhabitants, Europe, average 2005-2007
Patents per million inhabitants, North America, average 2005-2007
Patents per million inhabitants, Japan and Korea, average 2005-2007
Patents per million inhabitants, Australia and New Zealand, average 2005-2007
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Innovation hotspots
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Innovation hot spots in renewable energy, 2005-07
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Innovation hot spots in biotechnologies and nanotechnologies, 2005-07
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Science for environmental innovation
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The innovation-science link in “green” technologies, 2000-07
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Technological innovation for climate change
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Trends in technological innovation for climate change mitigation, 1978-2006
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Transfers of environmental technologies
Transfer of wind (top) and solar photovoltaic (bottom) technologies, 1990-2007
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Chapter notes
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[back to top]
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Chapter 2: Empowering people to innovate
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2.1
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Basic scientific skills
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- Reading, mathematics and science proficiency at age 15, 2006
- Length of time students have been using a computer and mean PISA science score, 2006
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2.2
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Tertiary education
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- Transition from upper secondary education to graduation at the university level, 2007
- Annual tuition fees charged by public universities and public subsidies to private entities, 2007
- Private net present value for an individual obtaining tertiary education as part of initial education, 2005
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2.3
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Doctorate holders
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- Graduation rates at doctorate level, 2007
- Science and engineering graduates at the doctoral level, 2007
- New graduates at doctorate level by country of graduation, 2007
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2.4
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Skills mismatch
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- Unemployment rate of university graduates, 2007
- Supply of and demand for highly skilled employees, 2009
- Percentage difference in median gross annual earnings between doctorate holders working as researchers and those not working as researchers, 2006
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2.5
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International mobility
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- International students, 2007
- Job-to-job mobility of human resources in science and technology (HRST), employed 25-to-64-year-olds, 2007
- International mobility of doctorate holders by main destination, 2006
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2.6
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Entrepreneurial talent
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- Self-employed by place of birth, 15-to-64-year-olds, 2008
- Percentage of the population 18 to 64 years old who received any type of training in starting a business, during or after school, 2008
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2.7
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GAP page - Innovative workplace and skills for innovation
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- Firms engaged in innovation-related training activities by size, 2004-06
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2.8
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Consumers' demand for innovation
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- Final consumption expenditure of households, by selected category, 2008
- Percentage of households having invested in environmentally friendly products in the last ten years, 2008
- Monthly household expenditures on communication services, by type of access, 2007
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Chapter notes
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[back to top]
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Chapter 3: Unleashing innovation in firms
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3.1
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Entry and exit
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- Entry rate, average 2000-07
- Employer enterprise birth rate (2006) and death rate (2005) in the manufacturing sector
- Employer enterprise birth rate (2006) and death rate (2005) in the services sector
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3.2
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Mobilising private funding
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- Long-term interest rates, 2008
- Venture capital investment, 2008
- Business angels, 2007
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3.3
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Policy environment
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- Days needed to start a business, 2010
- Barriers to entrepreneurship, 2008
- Taxation on personal income and corporate income, 2009
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3.4
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Young and innovative firms
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- One- and two-year-old employer enterprises in manufacturing and in services, 2006
- Patenting activity of young firms, 2005-07
- Patenting and survival - within a two-year window, 2006
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Chapter notes
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[back to top]
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Chapter 4: Investing in innovation
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4.1
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Firms investing in R&D
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- Business enterprise expenditure on R&D, 2008
- Direct and indirect government funding of business R&D and tax incentives for R&D, 2007
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4.2
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Firms investing in innovation
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- Expenditure on innovation, by firm size, 2006
- Firms receiving public support for innovation, by size, 2004-06
- Firms' turnover from product innovation, by type, 2006
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4.3
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Government funding R&D
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- Government budget appropriations or outlays for R&D, 2007
- Government budget appropriations or outlays for R&D by selected socio-economic objectives, 2008
- Government budget appropriations or outlays for R&D by national sector of performance, 2008 (updated 30 March 2011)
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4.4
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Higher education and basic research
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- Higher education expenditure on R&D, 2008
- Government funded R&D in higher education by type of funding, 2008
- Basic research performed in the public sector, 2007
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4.5
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Information and communication technologies
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- ICT investment by asset in OECD countries, 2008
- Increase in the probability to innovate linked to ICT use, manufacturing, 2006
- Increase in the probability to innovate linked to ICT use, services, 2006
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4.6
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Firms and smart infrastructure
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- OECD broadband subscribers per 100 inhabitants, by technology, June 2009
- Evolution of a representative DSL broadband subscription over time, 2005-09
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4.7
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Governments and smart infrastructure
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- E-government readiness index, 2008
- Relation between broadband penetration and citizen uptake of e-government services, 2008
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4.8
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GAP page - Measuring innovation in the public sector
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- Total expenditure of general government, 2008
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4.9
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GAP page - Multi-level governance of innovation
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- Share of sub-national government in public investment, 2007
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Chapter notes
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[back to top]
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Chapter 5: Reaping returns from innovation
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5.1
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Scientific collaboration
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- Scientific articles by type of collaboration, 2008
- Highly cited (top 1%) scientific articles by type of collaboration, 2006-08
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5.2
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Science and industry linkages
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- Patents filed by public research organisations, 2000-07
- Main scientific fields cited in “green” patents by inventor country, 2000-07
- Relative citation rate in “green” patents by main scientific fields 2000-07
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5.3
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Knowledge clusters
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- R&D intensity by region, 2007
- Regional average of PCT patents with co-inventor(s) by location, 2005-07
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5.4
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Commercialisation
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- Patents granted at the European Patent Office by 2009
- ICT-related patents granted at the European Patent Office by 2009
- Biotechnology patents granted at the European Patent Office by 2009
- Nanotechnology patents granted at the European Patent Office by 2009
- Renewable energy patents granted at the European Patent Office by 2009
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5.5
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Knowledge circulation
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- International technology flows (royalties and licence fees), 1997-2008 (updated 30 March 2011)
- Patenting firms licensing out at least one patent to non-affiliated companies, 2006
- Foreign inventions owned by countries, 2005-07
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Chapter notes
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[back to top]
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Chapter 6: Addressing global challenges
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6.1
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Health
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- Total expenditure on health, 2007
- Health R&D in government budget appropriations or outlays for R&D, 2008
- Public funding of health-related R&D, 2007
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6.2
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Climate change
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- Renewable energy patents, 1998-2006
- Patents for climate change mitigation technologies, 2007
- Government research, development and demonstration (RD&D) expenditures on selected climate change mitigation technologies, 2004-08
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6.3
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Other environmental challenges
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- Patent applications in pollution abatement and waste management technologies, 2002-07
- Government R&D budget devoted to control and care for the environment, 2008
- Facilities with environmentally-related R&D in selected manufacturing sectors, 2003
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Chapter notes
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[back to top]
Related Documents
Measuring Innovation: A New Perspective
The OECD Innovation Strategy: Getting a Head Start on Tomorrow
OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2011: Innovation and Growth in Knowledge Economies
