A competitive product market environment that allows new firms to challenge incumbents, efficient firms to grow, and inefficient ones to exit, can help boost economic growth and living standards. Two main policy ingredients are necessary for a growth-enhancing competition environment. First, product market regulation should be set in a way that does not hamper competition and, second, an effective antitrust framework needs to be in place that safeguards a level playing field among firms. The OECD has developed indicators in both of these policy areas which are presented on this webpage.
Indicators |
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Economy-wide regulation:
The economy-wide indicators of policy regimes in OECD countries have been estimated for 1998, 2003, around 2008 and 2013. These indicators summarise a wide array of different regulatory provisions across countries. Users of the data must be aware that they may no longer fully reflect the current situation in fast reforming countries. Reference: Koske, I., I.Wanner, R. Bitetti and O. Barbiero (2014), “The 2013 update of the OECD product market regulation indicators: policy insights for OECD and non-OECD countries”, OECD Economics Department Working Papers, forthcoming. Indicators in Excel and DotStat
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Sector regulation:The Professional Services indicators cover entry and conduct regulations in the legal, accounting, engineering, and architecture professions, have been estimated for 1996, 2003 around 2008 and 2013. The Retail Distribution indicators have been estimated for 1998, 2003, around 2008 and 2013. The Network Sector indicators summarise regulatory provisions in seven sectors: telecoms, electricity, gas, post, rail, air passenger transport, and road. These indicators have been estimated in a long-time series and are therefore well suited for time-series analysis. Reference: Koske, I., I.Wanner, R. Bitetti and O. Barbiero (2014), “The 2013 update of the OECD product market regulation indicators: policy insights for OECD and non-OECD countries”, OECD Economics Department Working Papers, forthcoming. Indicators in Excel and DotStat
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Regulatory impactThe indicators on regulatory impact (RI) quantify the potential costs of the anti-competitive regulation captured by the indicators on sector regulation on 39 sectors of the economy that use the output of these sectors as intermediate inputs. These indicators have been estimated in a long-time series and are therefore well suited for time-series analysis. Indicators in Excel and DotStat (forthcoming)
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Internet regulationThe data on internet regulation provide a qualitative assessment of country’s regulatory approaches to the Internet economy. Reference: Koske, I., R. Bitetti, I. Wanner and E. Sutherland (2014), "The Internet economy: regulatory challenges and practices", OECD Economics Department Working Paper No. 1171/2014. Underlying data |
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Sector regulators (Regulatory management practice)The indicators of Regulatory Management measure regulatory management practices in six network sectors: electricity, gas, telecom, railroad transport infrastructure, airports and ports. They are meant to complement the network component of the PMR indicator set, which measures the regulations that are imposed on network sectors, by measures of the governance of the bodies that design, implement and enforce these regulations. Reference: Beiter, P., I. Koske, F. Naru and I. Wanner (2014), "Economic regulators – their independence, accountability and scope of action", OECD Economics Department Working Papers, forthcoming. Indicators (Excel)
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Competition law and policyThe data used to construct the indicators, i.e. the answers of national competition authorities to the CLP questionnaire, the schemata and all the CIP indicators can be viewed and downloaded in the excel file below.
Indicators (Excel)
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Sources and background reading |
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The main sources of information used to construct the indicators related to product market regulation are the responses of national governments to the OECD Regulatory Indicator Questionnaires 2013, 2007, 2003, and 1998. The sources of information used to construct the competition law and policy indicators are the responses of competition agencies to the OECD Competition Law and Policy Indicators Questionnaire. All data have been extensively checked by OECD and government experts. Please use the following citation when using the data: OECD (2013), Product Market Regulation Database, www.oecd.org/economy/pmr. |
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OECD Working Paper on International Investment No. 2010/3 "OECD's FDI restrictiveness index: 2010 update" |
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OECD Economics Department Working Paper No. 799/2010 "Product market regulation: extending the analysis beyond OECD countries" |
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OECD Economics Department Working Paper No 695/2009 "Ten years of product market reform in OECD countries – insights from a revised PMR indicator” |
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OECD Economics Department Working Paper No. 530/2006 "Product market regulation of non-manufacturing sectors in OECD countries: measurement and highlights" |
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OECD Economics Department Working Paper No. 419/2005 "Product market regulation in OECD countries: 1998 to 2003" |
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OECD Economic Studies: Special issue: regulatory reform, No 32, 2001/1 |
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OECD Economics Department Working Paper No. 226/2000 "Summary indicators of product market regulation with an extension to employment protection legislation" |