South Africa: Transition to Democracy Offers Opportunity for Whole System Reform

This case study considers the substantial reforms to the South African public expenditure management system undertaken since the mid-1990s. The key aspects of the reform process have been: establishing the institutional framework for budget reforms through the "new" Constitution and further national legislation and practice; adopting a multi-year budget framework and top-down budget process; developing a framework for public financial

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• OECD Journal on Budgeting

Economic Reforms in Angola in the General Context of Africa

This article addresses the political, social and broader economic context of public finance reforms in Angola, drawing upon historical perspectives of economic development in Africa and the country’s own experience. The article highlights changes in Angolan practices in line with generally accepted public finance principles, and demonstrates how these reforms occurred within a particular political economy and within sets of

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• OECD Journal on Budgeting

Economic Survey of Greece 2009: Enhancing fiscal viability

The high public debt and a large pension burden heighten the urgency to improve the efficiency of the public sector to enhance fiscal viability and restore room for manoeuvre for stabilization policy.

Economic Survey of Greece 2009: Weathering the international crisis

High public debt leaves virtually no room for fiscal manoeuvre to limit the impact of the crisis in Greece. The close trade and banking links established with the Balkan countries might be a risk in the near future.

Economic Survey of Mexico 2009: Managing the oil economy – can Mexico do it better?

Fiscal policy is highly dependent on volatile oil income. The balanced budget rule can create a bias for spending oil revenues as they are earned, especially as transfers to the stabilization funds are limited by caps at low levels. This can potentially lead to a pro-cyclical bias in fiscal policy. Revenues have also been lower than they could have, if gasoline prices had adjusted with international prices instead of a price smoothing

Economic Survey of Mexico 2009: Overcoming the financial crisis and the macroeconomic downturn

Despite improved fundamentals, Mexico is hit hard by the financial crisis, being exposed to several simultaneous external shocks. A welcome, but weak, stimulus was passed for 2009, and policy will likely need to be supportive also in 2010.

Economic Survey of Mexico 2009: Achieving higher performance: enhancing spending efficiency in health and education

Despite progress over the past two decades Mexico’s health and education indicators remain well below the average of the OECD and some of its Latin American emerging market peers.

Performance Budgeting in Korea

Korea is in the initial stages of implementing performance-based budgeting. The system was introduced as part of a comprehensive fiscal reform package in the late 1990s. This article discusses the background, framework and implementation of performance budgeting and its impact in the budget process.

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• OECD Journal on Budgeting

Performance Budgeting in the United Kingdom

This article discusses the United Kingdom framework for performance budgeting and management and its evolution from 1998 onwards, primarily focused on the period 1998-2007. Public service agreements (PSAs) have moved away from inputs and processes to a focus on the outcomes that matter to public service users.

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• OECD Journal on Budgeting

Structural Balance Policy in Chile

Since 2001 Chile’s fiscal policy has been built on the concept of a central government structural balance. The Fiscal Responsibility Law, passed in 2006, gave legal force to key aspects of the structural surplus and fiscal policy.

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• OECD Journal on Budgeting