Publications & Documents

Les enseignants consacrent-ils davantage de temps à l’enseignement et à l’apprentissage dans un cours type par rapport aux années précédentes? Se sentent-ils préparés à enseigner lorsqu’ils débutent dans le métier? À quel type de programmes de développement professionel continu participent-ils et quel en est l’impact sur leur pratique? Ce rapport examine tout d’abord comment les enseignants appliquent leurs connaissances et leurs compétences dans la classe sous forme de pratiques pédagogiques, et s’accompagne d’une analyse de la composition démographique de ces classes et du climat de l’établissement en vue de fournir un contexte sur les environnements d’apprentissage. Le volume étudie ensuite la manière dont les enseignants acquièrent leurs connaissances et leurs compétences au cours de leurs études et formation, ainsi que les moyens qu’ils prennent pour les développer par le biais du développement professionnel continu au cours de leur carrière. Ce rapport, qui s’appuie sur les voix des enseignants et des chefs d’établissement, offre une série d’orientations stratégiques visant à renforcer les connaissances et les compétences du corps enseignant à l’appui de sa professionnalisation. L’Enquête internationale sur l’enseignement et l’apprentissage de l’OCDE (TALIS) est la seule enquête de cette envergure qui interroge les enseignants et les chefs d’établissement sur leurs conditions de travail et leurs environnements d’apprentissage, et agit comme un baromètre de la profession tous les cinq ans. Les résultats du cycle 2018 explorent et examinent les diverses dimensions du professionnalisme de l’enseignant et du chef d’établissement dans les systèmes éducatifs.

The report reviews trends in labour market policies in ASEAN Member States and their main trading partners between 2010 and 2015. Policy-makers have invested significant effort in addressing some of the decent work challenges in the region between 2010 and 2015. In areas such as social protection and active labour market policies, national-level approaches have been positively influenced by ASEAN Declarations on these subjects.Despite extensive progress in many areas, significant policy gaps still remain. Workers who are more vulnerable to exploitation, such as migrants, minorities or informal workers, were the focus of only a small proportion of these policies during the period under review.This report highlights the need for continued dedication by policymakers to the improvement of labour market institutions and programmes. This commitment to the advancement of the Decent Work Agenda in the region could also benefit from further ASEAN-level actions focusing on labour and social issues.

This review was prepared in response to Croatia's 2015 request to adhere to the Declaration on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises. It assesses the climate for domestic and foreign investment in Croatia, its ability to comply with the principles of openness, transparency and non-discrimination and its policy convergence with the OECD Declaration, including responsible business conduct practices, and discusses the challenges and opportunities faced by the government of Croatia in its reform efforts. Capitalising on the OECD Policy Framework for Investment, this review includes chapters on foreign investment trends and performance, foreign investor entry and operations, the legal and institutional framework for investment protection, investment promotion and facilitation, public governance, and policies to promote and enable responsible business conduct.

Recruiting and retaining skilled staff is a long-standing challenge for the early childhood education and care (ECEC) sector. OECD countries are increasingly demanding that ECEC staff be highly skilled and highly qualified, but a combination of low wages, a lack of status and public recognition, poor working conditions, and limited opportunities for professional development mean that recruitment and retention are frequently difficult. What can countries do to build a highly qualified and well-trained ECEC workforce? What is the best route to increasing staff skills without exacerbating staff shortages? How can countries boost pay and working conditions in the context of limited resources? Building on past OECD work on early childhood education and care, and drawing on the experience of OECD countries, this report outlines good practice policy measures for improving jobs in ECEC and for constructing a high-quality workforce.

Over the past few years, Canada and the United States have been experiencing an opioid crisis as a result of problematic opioid use fueled by the emergence of synthetic opioids such as fentanyl and carfentanil. Problematic opioid use is also spreading in other OECD countries, due to the upward trend of prescription opioid use and the complexities of the illegal drug supply. This report presents evidence on the magnitude of problematic opioid use across OECD countries, describes the main drivers, and identifies a set of policy actions to address them. The report highlights the opioid crisis as a complex public health issue that requires a comprehensive approach across all sectors, including health, social services, and law enforcement. Strong health information systems are also needed, particularly data and research. Preventing problematic opioid use requires a combination of policies that ensure more information is provided to patients and health care practitioners, while providing access to appropriate pain management treatment for patients. A public health approach to problematic opioid use must incorporate socio-economic considerations (e.g. employment and housing), which also need to be addressed to prevent problematic substance use in general.

En 2008, la part des économies émergentes et en développement dans l’économie mondiale passait pour la première fois la barre des 50 %. Depuis lors, la série des Perspectives du développement mondial s’attache à étudier le basculement de la richesse mondiale et son incidence sur les pays en développement. Combien de temps encore les dividendes du basculement de la richesse peuvent-ils profiter au développement, et quelles en sont les conséquences pour les stratégies de développement ? Cette nouvelle édition analyse tout d’abord les répercussions des transformations à l’œuvre en Chine sur les perspectives du développement mondial, ainsi que l’incidence du basculement de la richesse sur les pays au-delà du plan strictement économique, en explorant différentes dimensions du bien-être à travers le monde en développement. Elle analyse par ailleurs les enseignements des modèles de développement de ces 70 dernières années, montrant la nécessité pour les nations en développement du XXIe siècle d’inventer leurs propres trajectoires originales vers plus de bien-être et de durabilité. Le temps est désormais venu de repenser la coopération internationale et de favoriser des échanges plus efficaces de capital social et humain.

Women’s unequal share of unpaid care work can prevent their full participation in the economies of developing countries; however, care needs are growing globally. How can governments and development partners meet the needs of families and communities, while ensuring that all citizens benefit from economic opportunities and fair remuneration? As part of the OECD Policy Dialogue on Women’s Economic Empowerment, this report focuses on identifying what works to address unpaid care work and sheds light on how governments, donors in the private sector and civil society actors – among others – can design policies to support both those who need care and those who provide care. The report brings together existing knowledge of policy options for unpaid care work across regions, in four policy areas: infrastructure, social protection, public services and the promotion of shared responsibility within the household.

This report offers an empirical tool to help planners, statisticians, policy makers and advocates understand people's everyday legal problems and experience with the justice system. It sets out a framework for the conceptualisation, implementation and analysis of legal needs surveys and is informed by analysis of a wide range of national surveys conducted over the last 25 years. It provides guidance and recommendations in a modular way, allowing application into different types of surveys. It also outlines opportunities for legal needs-based indicators that strengthen our understanding of access to civil justice.