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  • 27-October-2017

    English

    Computers and the Future of Skill Demand

    Computer scientists are working on reproducing all human skills using artificial intelligence, machine learning and robotics. Unsurprisingly then, many people worry that these advances will dramatically change work skills in the years ahead and perhaps leave many workers unemployable. This report develops a new approach to understanding these computer capabilities by using a test based on the OECD’s Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC) to compare computers with human workers. The test assesses three skills that are widely used at work and are an important focus of education: literacy, numeracy and problem solving with computers. Most workers in OECD countries use the three skills every day. However, computers are close to reproducing these skills at the proficiency level of most adults in the workforce. Only 13% of workers now use these skills on a daily basis with a proficiency that is clearly higher than computers. The findings raise troubling questions about whether most workers will be able to acquire the skills they need as these new computer capabilities are increasingly used over the next few decades. To answer those questions, the report’s approach could be extended across the full range of work skills. We need to know how computers and people compare across all skills to develop successful policies for work and education for the future.

  • 26-September-2017

    English

    Marine biotechnology: Definitions, infrastructures and directions for innovation

    Several countries have been setting up strategic roadmaps to support marine biotechnologies that could drive innovation and help address the global sustainability goals of food, energy, and health. This report identifies and begins to address challenges facing cooperation on marine biotechnology across countries.

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  • 22-September-2017

    English

    The microbiome, diet and health: Towards a science and innovation agenda

    There is now strong evidence that microbiomes play an important role in human health, as there are clear linkages to many major non-communicable diseases. This report assesses the key policy challenges for innovation in the microbiome. It argues that if such a promising scientific field is to lead to innovative applications, policies on science and innovation must be improved in five areas.

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  • 1-September-2017

    English

    Digital Government Review of Norway - Boosting the Digital Transformation of the Public Sector

    Norway has long used technology to streamline processes within the public sector and bring the government closer to citizens and businesses. Now the country is going further, seeking to transform its public sector through the full assimilation of digital technologies. The goal is to make it more efficient, collaborative, user- and data-driven, and better able to respond to the changing needs and expectations of citizens and businesses. This review analyses the efforts under way and provides policy advice to support the Norwegian government in implementing digital government.

  • 16-June-2017

    English

    OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy: Norway 2017

    Following a remarkable transformation in the past century in research and innovation, in particular through the development of new technologies and processes in sectors such as oil and gas, shipbuilding and also fisheries and aquaculture, Norway is today increasingly facing a 'triple transition imperative' in which it needs, first, to shift toward a more diversified and robust economy; second, to move to a more competitive, effective and efficient innovation system; and third, to support research and innovation activities that can confront an array of societal challenges (climate change, food security, aging, health and so on). The Long-Term Plan for Research and Higher Education 2015-2024 (LTP) launched by the Norwegian government has set the base to enhance the capacity of the research and higher education system to cope with these transition challenges. This report proposes recommendations to take advantage of the revision of this comprehensive strategic plan in 2018 to improve the horizontal coordination and add more concrete structural policy initiatives, without changing the plan’s general orientation nor giving up the sectorial and the consensus principles that form the basis of Norwegian policy making.

  • 9-June-2017

    English

    OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy: Finland 2017

    Although Finland achieved a widely acclaimed transformation to become a leading knowledge-based economy in the late 20th century, the 2009 recession and disruptive change contributing to a deep restructuring of the information and communication technology (ICT) industry and the downsizing of traditional sectors have weighed on the economy, productivity growth and international competitiveness. Numerous policy reforms have since been undertaken, and public and private investment, especially in applied R&D, has been cut back. Strengthening and lifting Finland’s innovation system out of a period of uncertainty requires a coherent and unified new vision for science, technology and innovation (STI), renewed investment and policy instruments. This vision should be oriented towards renewal tackling societal challenges and developing new knowledge-based competitive advantages at global scale. Success calls for better co-ordination and co-operation among policy actors and national and regional-levels, and further internationalisation.

  • 10-mai-2017

    Français

    Les nouvelles technologies sont encore sous-utilisées dans les entreprises

    L'adoption des technologies, matériaux et processus de pointe par les entreprises doit s'accélérer pour que les pays puissent pleinement en concrétiser le potentiel en termes de gains de productivité. Telle est la conclusion d'un nouveau rapport de l'OCDE.

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  • 20-March-2017

    English

    The Role of Economic Regulators in the Governance of Infrastructure

    Economic regulators are responsible for ensuring that infrastructure services are delivered efficiently, where competition on its own is unable to achieve this outcome. Based on a survey of 34 economic regulators covering 77 sectors and subsectors including energy, transport, communications and water, this report explores how economic regulators carry out this task, and suggests how this experience can be usefully applied in the governance of infrastructure more broadly.

  • 16-janvier-2017

    Français

    Une nouvelle approche s’impose face à la hausse des prix des médicaments

    La multiplication de médicaments très onéreux et la hausse des prix des médicaments sont à l’origine de pressions de plus en plus lourdes sur les dépenses publiques de santé, et conduisent à remettre en question les stratégies tarifaires de l’industrie pharmaceutique.

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  • 8-décembre-2016

    Français

    La diminution des dépenses publiques de R-D et le spectre du protectionnisme pourraient constituer une menace pour l’innovation

    L’amenuisement des financements publics alloués à la recherche scientifique et technologique dans plusieurs pays pourrait mettre en péril l’innovation au moment même où des enjeux d’envergure mondiale, comme le changement climatique et le vieillissement démographique, exigent des solutions, selon ce qui ressort d’un nouveau rapport de l’OCDE.

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