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The rate of homeownership is close to the OECD average in Luxembourg. However, strong house price increases, mainly driven by population growth and limited housing supply, led to a deterioration in affordability of housing, in particular for the young and added to the wealth gap between homeowners and renters.

The IEA regularly conducts in-depth peer reviews of the energy policies of its member countries. This process supports energy policy development and encourages the exchange of best practices and experiences. Luxembourg experienced strong economic and population growth between 2008 and 2018. For most of that decade, energy demand and carbon dioxide emissions fell significantly, but they started to increase again in 2016. The government has adopted ambitious energy sector targets, including a 50-55% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 2030. Luxembourg faces challenges achieving those targets. Low energy prices for consumers are creating a barrier to the investments needed in energy efficiency and renewables. And the country has a fossil fuel-intensive energy mix driven by a high demand for transportation fuels, notably from transiting freight trucks. Luxembourg is embedded in the European electricity market, a sector that is transforming swiftly as rising shares of variable renewable generation, such as wind and solar PV, put increased attention on security of supply. In this context, Luxembourg plans to expand and upgrade its electricity grids, but the country would benefit further from the deployment of measures to increase energy storage and demand-side response in its power system. It is also important to ensure competitive markets that foster innovation and new energy services. In this report, the IEA provides a range of energy policy recommendations to help Luxembourg smoothly manage the transition to a smart, flexible and sustainable energy system.

Aux termes de l'Action 14, les juridictions se sont engagées à mettre en œuvre un standard minimum afin d'améliorer l'efficacité et l'efficience de la procédure amiable (PA). La PA est prévue à l'article 25 du modèle de convention fiscale de l'OCDE et engage les pays à s'efforcer de résoudre les différends relatifs à l'interprétation et à l'application des conventions fiscales. Le Standard Minimum de l'Action 14 a été traduit en termes de référence précis, et une méthodologie a été établie pour le processus d'examen par les pairs et le suivi de cet examen. Le Standard Minimum est complété par un ensemble de bonnes pratiques. Le processus d'examen par les pairs se déroule en deux phases. La première phase consiste à évaluer les juridictions par rapport aux termes de référence du standard minimum, selon un calendrier d'examen convenu. La seconde phase procède au suivi des recommandations formulées dans le rapport d'examen par les pairs de phase 1 des juridictions. Le présent rapport reflète les résultats de l'évaluation par les pairs de phase 1 de la mise en œuvre du Standard Minimum de l'Action 14 par le Luxembourg, qui s'accompagne d'un document traitant de la mise en œuvre des bonnes pratiques.

This paper presents and discusses the general findings and key policy messages of the 2019 OECD Open, Useful and Re-usable data (OURdata) Index, and provides a detailed analysis of the results for each pillar and sub-pillar. Additionally, it assesses the main advancements and challenges related to the design and implementation of open government data (OGD) policies in OECD member and partner countries by comparing the results for 2019 with those of the 2017 edition. This policy paper contributes to the OECD work on the digital transformation of the public sector, including digital government and data-driven public sector and open government data.