OECD 対日経済審査報告書2008 年版

日本経済は戦後最長の景気拡大期にあり、2008 年と2009 年は1½～2％の経済成長が見込まれる。成長の牽引役は企業の旺盛な設備投資とアジア諸国向けを中心とした輸出の力強い伸びである。しかし今後の持続的成長という面で、日本経済は根強いデフレ、すでに膨大な公的債務のさらなる増加、経済セグメント間の格差拡大などといった様々な課題に直面している。大手製造業が輸出拡大の恩恵を受けている一方、中小企業が大半を占める非製造業は収益性、景況感、投資、賃金の面で出遅れている。労働市場でも二極化が進んでおり、低賃金で社会的保護も手薄な非正規労働者が労働人口に占める比率は上昇している。こうした課題に対処するためには、健全なマクロ経済政策や構造改革を含めた包括的な施策によって、労働参加率や生産性を高める一方で経済格差を克服することが求められる。デフレの完全な終息の確保。 日本銀行は、2006 年に導入した新たな金融政策の枠組みに基づいて政策金利を2 度引き上げた後、2007

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