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Publications & Documents


  • 3-mai-2019

    Français

    Guide de l’OCDE sur l’évaluation des coûts de mise en conformité avec la réglementation

    Ce guide fournit des conseils pratiques, techniques et faciles d’utilisation concernant la mesure et la réduction des coûts de conformité de la réglementation dans les pays de l’OCDE. Ce guide recouvre tous les aspects clés de l’évaluation des coûts de conformité, en incluant des conseils étape par étape afin de réaliser des analyses détaillées. Les gouvernements des pays membres de l’OCDE seront en mesure d’utiliser ce guide comme base pour le développement d’orientations spécifiques aux pays, façonnant et adaptant les contenus pour soutenir au mieux leurs exigences individuelles en matière de politiques publiques. Ce guide a été publié dans le cadre des travaux de l’OCDE en matière de politique de la réglementation.

  • 23-April-2019

    English

    Oslo Met University/OECD workshop on digital technology for science and innovation – Emerging topics for policy and assessment

    This November 2018 workshop gathered leading technologists, academics and policy representatives to identify so far untapped opportunities to use digital technology in science and innovation processes as well as emerging topics likely to become important in the future, but which have received limited study to date.

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  • 16-April-2019

    English

    Delivering Better Policies Through Behavioural Insights - New Approaches

    As behavioural insights (BI) become more widely used, countries are looking to expand the application of the methodology to new frontiers of policy making. This report tests behaviourally informed solutions to complex policy problems in the fields of competition, consumer protection, energy consumption and safety through a variety of theoretical and experimental approaches. The results give policy makers new ideas for tackling policy problems related to individual behaviour, as well as for changing the behaviour of organisations.

  • 11-April-2019

    English

    Innovation, Agricultural Productivity and Sustainability in Latvia

    Latvia, a member of the European Union since 2004, is a small, dynamic and open economy that has successfully transitioned from central planning to a market economy. The reforms undertaken have driven progress, although from generally low levels and at a slower pace in agriculture than for the economy as a whole. This report examines the conditions under which farms and businesses in the food and agriculture sector in Latvia undertake innovation to become more productive and environmentally sustainable. It identifies opportunities as well as challenges that need to be addressed. These include economy wide skills shortage, emigration and population decline and urban concentration of population and services. At the sectoral level, these include the use of agricultural payments to support a large number of non-commercial farms and the high level of unpaid farm labour. To meet these challenges, agricultural innovation can be harnessed to improve the sector’s productivity, as well as the sustainability and efficiency of the food system. This report provides a series of recommendations that should allow agricultural policies to contribute to a well-functioning innovation system that can meet the challenges that lie ahead.
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  • 10-April-2019

    English

    University-Industry Collaboration - New Evidence and Policy Options

    This report discusses challenges and opportunities in assessing the impacts of science-industry knowledge exchange on innovation. The report provides new evidence on joint industry-science patenting activity and academic start-ups, as well as on the impact of geographical proximity between research institutions and industry on local innovation. The report explores the complex set of knowledge-transfer channels, such as collaborative research, co-patenting, academic spinoffs, and their relative importance across science fields and industry sectors. It also experiments with using labour force survey data to assess the contributions of graduates in social sciences to different industries.Different policy mixes are used in OECD countries to stimulate science-industry knowledge transfer. This report presents a taxonomy of 21 policy instruments, which include grants for collaborative university-industry research and financial support to university spin-offs, and discusses their possible positive and negative interactions. Based on a number of country case studies, the report also sheds light on new policy approaches to support spin-off creation. The report also explores recent trends on the governance of public research of high relevance to science-industry knowledge transfer using newly developed policy indicators for 35 OECD countries.

  • 10-April-2019

    English

    Digital Innovation - Seizing Policy Opportunities

    This report discusses how the digital transformation – digital technologies, data and software, AI-based analytics and other advances – is changing innovation processes and outcomes. It highlights the general trends across the economy and factors behind sector-specific dynamics, including increasing use of data as a key input for innovation, the expanding possibilities for experimentation offered by virtual simulation, 3D printing and other digital technologies, and the growing focus on services innovation enabled by digital technologies.In view of such changes, this report evaluates how innovation policies should adapt to foster innovation and inclusive development in the digital age, and identifies priority areas for policy action. It also explores novel innovation policy approaches implemented by countries to foster digital technology adoption and collaborative innovation.

  • 5-April-2019

    English

    Science-industry knowledge exchange: A mapping of policy instruments and their interactions

    Countries deploy a variety of policy instruments to promote science-industry knowledge exchange. While these instruments are often discussed in isolation, they are implemented collectively and may negatively affect each other or add excessive complexity. This paper develops a conceptual framework to map policy instruments for knowledge exchange and assess interactions.

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  • 3-April-2019

    English

    Business Models for the Circular Economy - Opportunities and Challenges for Policy

    Natural resources, and the materials derived from them, represent the physical basis for the economic system. Recent decades have witnessed an unprecedented growth in demand for these resources, which has triggered interest from policy makers in transitioning to a more resource efficient and circular economy. This report presents a typology of five circular business models that could support the transition to a more resource efficient and circular economy: circular supply, resource recovery, product life extension, sharing, and product service system models. It reviews the current market penetration and assesses the potential scalability of each business model. Environmental potential is also discussed, as well as risks and unintended consequences that could result from a more widespread adoption of these business models. The report provides a broad set of policy approaches that could help alleviate some of the barriers that currently hinder the widespread adoption of circular business models.

  • 1-April-2019

    English

    Measuring Tax Support for R&D and Innovation

    Governments worldwide increasingly rely on tax incentives in addition to direct support measures (e.g. grants) to promote R&D in firms and encourage innovation and economic growth. The OECD has developed experimental methodologies and a detailed database on R&D tax incentives with the latest indicators on the cost and information on the design and scope of R&D tax incentives.

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  • 29-March-2019

    English

    Public research and innovative entrepreneurship: Preliminary cross-country evidence from micro data

    This paper provides a first assessment of the degree to which public research contributes to innovative entrepreneurship, using data on start-ups and venture capital.

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