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16-December-2019

English

On the concentration of innovation in top cities in the digital age

This paper investigates how digital technologies have shaped the concentration of inventive activity in cities across 30 OECD countries.

11-décembre-2019

Français

Recommandation sur l’innovation responsable dans le domaine des neurotechnologies

Cette recommendation vise à aider les pouvoirs publics et les innovateurs à anticiper et affronter les défis éthiques, juridiques et sociaux que font naître les nouvelles neurotechnologies, tout en assurant la promotion de l’innovation dans ce domaine.

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OECD Recommendation on Responsible Innovation in Neurotechnology

28-November-2019

English

The Path to Becoming a Data-Driven Public Sector

Twenty-first century governments must keep pace with the expectations of their citizens and deliver on the promise of the digital age. Data-driven approaches are particularly effective for meeting those expectations and rethinking the way governments and citizens interact. This report highlights the important role data can play in creating conditions that improve public services, increase the effectiveness of public spending and inform ethical and privacy considerations. It presents a data-driven public sector framework that can help countries or organisations assess the elements needed for using data to make better-informed decisions across public sectors.

26-November-2019

English

Enhancing Access to and Sharing of Data - Reconciling Risks and Benefits for Data Re-use across Societies

This report examines the opportunities of enhancing access to and sharing of data (EASD) in the context of the growing importance of artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things. It discusses how EASD can maximise the social and economic value of data re-use and how the related risks and challenges can be addressed. It highlights the trade-offs, complementarities and possible unintended consequences of policy action – and inaction. It also provides examples of EASD approaches and policy initiatives in OECD countries and partner economies.

15-November-2019

English

Scoping the OECD AI Principles: Deliberations of the expert group on artificial intelligence at the OECD (AIGO)

As artificial intelligence permeates our societies, its transformational power must be put to the service of people and the planet. This paper presents a common understanding of what an AI system is, as well as a framework detailing the stages of the AI life cycle. This work informed the development of the AI Principles adopted by the OECD Council in 2019.

6-November-2019

English

Safety Assessment of Foods and Feeds Derived from Transgenic Crops, Volume 3 - Common bean, Rice, Cowpea and Apple Compositional Considerations

This volume compiles the consensus documents developed by the OECD Working Group for the Safety of Novel Foods and Feeds from 2015 to 2019. It deals with the composition of common bean, rice, cowpea and apple, four important crops for agriculture and food consumption worldwide. The science-based information collated here is intended for use during the regulatory assessment of food/feed products derived from modern biotechnology, i.e. issued from transgenic plants. Compositional considerations are provided for each species, including tables detailing the key nutrients, anti-nutrients, possible toxicants, allergens and other metabolites contained in the products. This essential information and solid data can be used in the comparative approach as part of the novel food/feed safety assessment. It should be of value to crop breeders and applicants for commercial uses of novel foods and feeds, to regulators and risk assessors in national authorities, as well as the wider scientific community. More information can be found at BioTrack Online.

17-October-2019

English

Governance of science and technology policies

This report provides learnings from 13 case studies on governance mechanisms of national and supranational science, technology and innovation initiatives.

17-October-2019

English

Innovation support in the enterprise sector: Industry and SMEs

This paper outlines major policy trends in public support of innovation activities in industry and SMEs across OECD countries. It discusses the policy mix to strengthen business R&D and innovation, and possible avenues to improve this mix in response to evolving needs, driven new trends in technology and other factors.

17-October-2019

English

Innovation policies for sustainable development: Low-carbon energy and smart-city initiatives

This paper benchmarks innovation policies for sustainability, focusing on low-carbon and environmental technologies and “smart-city” initiatives in selected OECD countries as well as the EU. It identifies critical success factors through a review of the policy portfolios of instruments, budgets, monitoring and evaluation strategies, and international co-operation strategies.

17-October-2019

English

Review of national policy initiatives in support of digital and AI-driven innovation

This paper draws lessons from 12 national policy initiatives (four AI strategies and eight policy programmes) aimed at supporting breakthrough digital and AI-driven innovation and the application of those innovations by industry. Most of these initiatives actively involve multiple stakeholders from public research, industry and government, have mixed public-private funding models, and seek international co-operation on AI.

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