Reports

This is the third Environmental Performance Review of Switzerland. It evaluates progress towards sustainable development and green growth, with a focus on water management and biodiversity conservation and sustainable use.
 
Switzerland has taken steps to improve the environmental performance of its agricultural, energy and transport sectors. The country is a top OECD performer in terms of greenhouse gas emissions intensity and it should be commended for its innovative approach towards rehabilitation of its river system. Yet unsustainable consumption patterns and high levels of municipal waste generation, as well as high percentages of threatened species, are areas of concern.  As a major financial centre, Switzerland has a key role to play in promoting green finance.
 

This report presents evidence-based analysis on Ireland’s higher education transformation process towards an innovative, interconnected and multidisciplinary entrepreneurial system, designed to empower its students and staff to demonstrate enterprise, innovation and creativity in teaching, research and societal engagement. Using the OECD-European Commission HEInnovate guidance for the entrepreneurial and innovative higher education institution, the report assesses strategies and practices for entrepreneurship and innovation in Ireland’s higher education institution and the systemic support provided by government.

Higher education institutions play a critical role in Ireland’s economy and innovation system, which is based on a strong and growing engagement agenda with industry and local communities, the emergence of new learning environments and strong multidisciplinary research teams. This report offers practical recommendations on how Ireland can enhance and sustain the outcomes.

Ce rapport examine comment les dispositions légales en vigueur en Algérie, en Égypte, en Jordanie, en Libye, au Maroc et en Tunisie impactent la capacité des femmes à participer pleinement à la vie économique, que ce soit en tant qu'employées ou comme entrepreneuses. Il s’appuie sur une analyse comparative des différents droits énoncés dans les constitutions, les lois sur le statut personnel, la législation du travail, ainsi que les lois fiscales et commerciales. Le rapport reconnaît les progrès considérables accomplis – notamment dans le sillage des soulèvements de 2011 – suite à l’adoption de réformes constitutionnelles et institutionnelles visant à renforcer le statut des femmes.

Ouvrir le champ des opportunités offertes aux femmes reste toutefois un défi pour les six pays. Le rapport suggère que ceci pourrait être dû à divers facteurs tels que : l’existence de certaines lois discriminantes en matière de genre, des contradictions entre les divers cadres juridiques, le manque de mécanismes d’application, ainsi que les entraves à l’accès au système judiciaire. Grâce à des politiques ciblées, les pays peuvent relever ces défis grâce à des politiques ciblées et contribuer à libérer le potentiel des femmes pour favoriser la croissance, la compétitivité et un développement social inclusif.

This report presents evidence-based analysis of current strategies and practices in higher education institutions (HEIs) in Hungary towards a value-creating use of knowledge resources for innovation and entrepreneurship. The analysis and recommendations are highly relevant for policy makers and HEI leaders in other countries. Increased attention to innovation and entrepreneurship both from public policy actors and HEI leadership has triggered an incremental change process in the organisational culture of HEIs and a new approach to education and research for students and staff. HEInnovate is a joint initiative of the European Commission and the OECD to promote the innovative and entrepreneurial higher education institution across Europe and beyond (www.heinnovate.eu).

This report assesses the state of Armenia’s sanitation services, which are in poor shape, and proposes ways forward for reforming the sector by: ensuring equitable access by all and identifying solutions that work for the poorest and most remote communities; generating economies of scale and scope, and reducing both investment and operational costs for the efficient delivery of sanitation services; and moving towards sustainable cost recovery for the sanitation sector, by identifying how much funding can be mobilised from within the sector and how much external transfers are required. The state of Armenia’s sanitation services are inadequate, with 51% of the population in rural areas using unimproved facilities, causing direct damage to the environment and exposing inhabitants to health risks, and better access but degraded sewerage-system infrastructure in urban areas, posing health hazards due to potential cross-contamination between sewage and drinking water. According to preliminary estimates, EUR 2.6 billion of investments will be required to meet Armenia’s sanitation needs, with approximately EUR 1 billion needing to be spent in the next 7 to 10 years. Given the country’s current economic situation, this investment will have to be spread over time and targeted to avoid further deterioration of infrastructure and increase of the financing gap.

This report presents evidence-based analysis on Ireland’s higher education transformation process towards an innovative, interconnected and multidisciplinary entrepreneurial system, designed to empower its students and staff to demonstrate enterprise, innovation and creativity in teaching, research and societal engagement. Using the OECD-European Commission HEInnovate guidance for the entrepreneurial and innovative higher education institution, the report assesses strategies and practices for entrepreneurship and innovation in Ireland’s higher education institution and the systemic support provided by government.

Higher education institutions play a critical role in Ireland’s economy and innovation system, which is based on a strong and growing engagement agenda with industry and local communities, the emergence of new learning environments and strong multidisciplinary research teams. This report offers practical recommendations on how Ireland can enhance and sustain the outcomes.

La Recommandation de 2013 du Conseil de l’OCDE sur l'égalité hommes-femmes en matière d'éducation, d'emploi et d'entrepreneuriat recommande d'adopter des pratiques qui favorisent l’égalité entre hommes et femmes en matière d’éducation, qui encouragent les politiques et les conditions de travail favorables à la vie de famille pour permettent aux pères et aux mères de concilier leurs horaires de travail et leurs responsabilités familiales, et qui aident les femmes à prendre davantage part à l’emploi dans le secteur privé et dans le secteur public. Cette recommandation préconise également d'augmenter la représentation des femmes aux postes décisionnels, en supprimant les discriminations liées aux écarts de salaire entre hommes et femmes, en encourageant toutes les mesures nécessaires pour que cesse le harcèlement sexuel au travail, en réduisant l’écart entre hommes et femmes dans l’activité entrepreneuriale, et en tenant compte des besoins particuliers des femmes issues de groupes minoritaires défavorisés et de l’immigration.