2010年代的中国 重新平衡增长加强社会安全网络

如今，中国成为全球第二大经济体，它的需求对于拉动诸多国家的复苏而言发挥着举足轻重的作用。本文借鉴了OECD 几个星期前刚刚发布的中国经济全面评估报告，希望对中国发展高层论坛2010 年会“中国和世界经济：增长·调整·合作”有所贡献。中国的经济增长在不断刷新历史记 录，本文不仅着重探讨了这种增长表现得最为突出的特点，而且指出了中国希望维持快速增长时应该解决的问题。

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The world’s second-largest economy is helping drive the global recovery. But to sustain high growth and social cohesion, China needs to continue rebalancing its economy by boosting public spending on human capital and social services, and further reforming pensions and health care.

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In a speech given in Beijing, Angel Gurría recommended that China boost public spending on social infrastructure, including education, health, pensions and social assistance, in order to reduce inequalities, and suggested a more flexible exchange rate regime to avoid looming inflationary pressures.

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China’s economy has outperformed all expectations, both over the long haul and, more recently, during the global Great Recession. But structural reforms are still needed in a number of areas such as increased social spending to improve living standards over the longer run, according to the OECD Secretary-General.

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Global Economic Outlook

Speaking at the China development forum, Mr Gurría said that the world is now emerging from the deepest recession since the 1930s but he added that OECD countries need to face the challenge of ensuring that a strong, jobs-rich recovery takes hold and that potential growth can be restored and maintained over the longer term.

Croissance de long terme et défis de politique économique dans les grandes économies émergentes.

Le présent document identifie les principaux enjeux de politique structurelle auxquels les BIICS vont être confrontés dans les années à venir.

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Since the OECD’s first Economic Survey of China in 2005, China has continued to expand rapidly. The economy is also weathering the global crisis remarkably well, not least thanks to prompt and vigorous macroeconomic policy action. Economic expansion is projected to continue over the medium run, and China’s share in the world economy is set to grow further. Despite the recent decline in the current account surplus, some imbalances

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Dans l’ensemble, les résultats de la Chine en matière de santé se sont considérablement améliorés au cours des trente dernières années, surtout par suite du recul de certaines maladies infectieuses classiques.

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Au cours des dix dernières années, la proportion d’emplois non contrôlés par l’État a augmenté considérablement, tandis que les possibilités de travail dans le secteur de l’agriculture s’amenuisaient sur fond d’urbanisation ininterrompue.

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La population de la Chine devrait vieillir rapidement, en raison d’une faible fécondité et de l’allongement de l’espérance de vie.

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