Trade and Labour Market Outcomes in Germany

Trade has little impact on individual-level wages, according to this analysis of the link between trade and labour market outcomes (such as wages and employment) in Germany.

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• Trade and jobs

Trade and Employment in Japan

This paper examines the effects of exports on employment (i.e. the number of workers), working-hours, and total worker-hours (i.e. employment times working-hours) in Japan.

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• Trade and jobs

Wage Implications of Trade Liberalisation: Evidence for Effective Policy Formation

Imports tend to bring wages up for skilled workers rather than push wages down, according to this study of the relationship between wages and trade in 55 countries and 40 industries. This positive effect is evidence of the increased productivity of firms who import inputs.

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• Trade and jobs
• Trade liberalisation

To What Extent Do Exchange Rates and their Volatility Affect Trade?

Exchange rate levels affect trade flows in agriculture and in the manufacturing and mining sector in China, the Euro area and the United States, though they do not explain in their entirety the trade imbalances in these three economies, this paper finds.

Comparative Advantage and Trade Performance: Policy Implications

Physical and human capital (especially second- and third-level education), financial development and some aspects of labour market institutions are important policy and institutional areas that determine comparative advantage today, according to this paper.

Trade Facilitation Indicators: The Impact on Trade Costs

Advance rulings, formalities and procedures, information availability and inter-agency cooperation are the policy areas with the greatest impact on trade volumes and trade costs, according to OECD trade facilitation indicators studied in this report.

The Trade Effects of Phasing Out Fossil-Fuel Consumption Subsidies

A co-ordinated multilateral removal of fossil-fuel consumption subsidies over the 2013-2020 period would increase global trade volumes by 0.1% by 2020, according to this report.

Trade in Tasks

Trade in tasks represents the latest turn in a virtuous cycle of deepening specialisation of labour, expansion of the market and productivity growth. This paper analyses the task content of goods and services and sheds light on structural changes that take place following trade liberalisation.

Trade-Related Measures Based on Processes and Production Methods in the Context of Climate-Change Mitigation

How is international trade affected by climate change mitigation measures relating to non-product-related processes and production methods (PPMs)? This study looks at PPM measures adopted in the United States, the European Union, Canada and other countries.

Estimating the Constraints to Trade of Developing Countries

Tariffs, government policies and availability of credit and electricity are among the factors that restrict the trade expansion of developing countries. This report identifies and quantifies these constraints, and includes case studies of Azerbaijan and Uganda.