Trade and Employment: The Case of Denmark and Spain

Greater trade openness does not necessarily have an adverse effect on employment, and labour market mobility and flexibility can help countries gain from globalisation, according to this comparison of Denmark and Spain.

Implementing Regional Trade Agreements with Environmental Provisions: A Framework for Evaluation

OECD analyses how the increasing number of regional and bilateral trade agreements deal with environmental issues. This document sets out a framework for evaluating the implementation of environmental provisions in regional trade agreements.

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OECD Trade and Environment Working Papers

OECD papers on trade and environment, free to access and download, on how trade affects the environment and how environmental concerns affect trade, covering a wide range of issues and countries.

Trade and Employment in Italy

International economic integration, while generating important benefits, requires a flexible and efficient social security system that assists workers displaced by external competition or other structural changes, according to this study of trade, employment and wages in Italy.

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Agricultural Trade and Employment in South Africa

Agriculture continues to create jobs in rural areas of South Africa, albeit mainly in low-wage occupations, and future trade liberalisation would increase employment in the agricultural sector, according to this study.

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• Trade and jobs

Trade and Occupational Employment in Mexico since NAFTA

The reduction in trade costs associated with Mexico's entry to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is related to larger employment expansions in low-skill occupations, according to this study.

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Exporting, Employment, and Skill Upgrading: Evidence from Plant Level Data in the Korean Manufacturing Sector

Exports play an important role in relative employment of skilled versus unskilled workers, according to this study of the manufacturing sector in Korea.

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• Trade and jobs

Emploi et commerce en France: Une étude au niveau de l'entreprise (1995-2004)

Ce document s’appuie sur trois sources permettant de constituer un ensemble de données appariées au niveau de l’entreprise et portant sur les échanges, les variables économiques et l’emploi pour la période 1995-2004.

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Employment and the Political Economy of Trade: A Structured Review of the Literature

This paper reviews the main schools of thought on the political economy of trade and employment - in particular, the potential costs of liberalisation and the manner that concerns about these costs may inhibit countries' willingness to open markets.

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• Trade and jobs

A Literature Review on Trade and Informal Labour Markets in Developing Countries

Empirical evidence on the relationship between trade and informal labour markets suggests variations due to country-specific characteristics - in particular, labour market rigidity, capital mobility, level of economic development and heterogeneity of the informal workforce.

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• Trade and jobs