Trade, Employment and Structural Change: The Australian Experience

International trade produces income gains, but increased trade exposure also creates some challenges that require complementary policies to maximise the benefits of trade. This paper looks at how Australia has dealt with these issues in recent years.

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Trade Effects of Exchange Rates and their Volatility: Chile and New Zealand

Exchange rate volatility impacts trade flows in small, open economies more than for larger economies, according to this study of trade in the agricultural and the manufacturing and mining sectors of Chile and New Zealand.

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• To What Extent Do Exchange Rates and their Volatility Affect Trade?

Effects of NAFTA on US Employment and Policy Responses

The signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was a source of debate in United States politics, particularly regarding possible labour market effects. This paper gives an overview and assessment of the debate and US employment policy responses.

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• Trade and jobs

Est-ce que la volatilité des prix des matières premières agricoles augmente ? Une étude historique

Ce rapport examine la question de savoir si la volatilité des prix des matières premières a sensiblement évolué avec la rapide montée des prix mondiaux en 2006-09, suivie par une baisse tout aussi marquée des prix de nombreuses matières premières.

Structural Change in Commodity Markets: Have Agricultural Markets Become Thinner?

Market thinness, where there are few buying or selling offers, can contribute to price volatility. Contrary to general assumptions, agricultural commodity markets have not become 'thinner', according to this study of trade in selected commodities from 1970 to 2010.

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• Agricultural Commodity Price Volatility: An Overview

Trade and Innovation - Synthesis Report

Innovation is critical to creating new sources of growth, and trade can strengthen innovation in the business sector. Technology diffusion, competition and exports are channels through which trade affects innovation. These channels along with the related policy issues are discussed in this report.

International Agreements for Commodity Price Stabilisation: An Assessment

Low stocks to use ratios of recent years were one of the contributory factors to the grain price spike in 2007-08, says this paper on international stockholding arrangements with economic provisions for stabilising world agricultural commodity prices.

Promoting Energy Efficiency Through Trade

A first step to facilitating trade in energy-efficient products is to encourage developing and emerging economies to reform their policies in trade and energy-pricing, according to this paper which draws on work by Japan’s Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth (RITE).

Global Imbalances: Trade Effects and Policy Challenges

Trade policy reforms have a role to play in reducing large current account imbalances, this paper finds. A multilateral and co-ordinated approach to reducing imbalances, involving macroeconomic, exchange rate and structural reforms, is essential for achieving maximum benefits for all countries.<

Openness, Wage Gaps and Unions in Chile: A Micro Econometric Analysis

The most open sectors of the Chilean economy show higher wages relative to the other sectors, according to this analysis of the relationship between wages and levels of trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) openness in twenty-nine sectors in Chile.