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Les enseignements des sciences comportementales peuvent aider les décideurs à mieux comprendre les mécanismes comportementaux qui concourent aux problèmes d’environnement et leur permettre d’élaborer et de mettre en œuvre des réponses plus efficaces. Ce rapport passe en revue les applications récentes des enseignements des sciences comportementales qui visent à orienter les individus et les entreprises vers des décisions de consommation, d’investissement et de mise en conformité plus durables.

En s’appuyant sur les interventions mises en place par les ministères et organismes chargés des questions d’environnement et d’énergie et sur le travail des équipes intergouvernementales d’étude des enseignements des sciences comportementales, le rapport décrit comment les sciences comportementales ont été intégrées dans les processus d’élaboration des politiques. Différents domaines d’action sont abordés : consommation d’énergie, d’eau et de produits alimentaires, choix du mode de transport et du véhicule, gestion des déchets et efficacité d’utilisation des ressources, respect de la réglementation environnementale et participation à des programmes volontaires. Le rapport met en lumière ce qui a marché – ou pas – dans les pratiques mises en œuvre dans les pays de l’OCDE et ailleurs.

As coastal area on the Baltic Sea in north-central Poland, Pomorskie faces unique challenges and opportunities associated with the transition to a green economy, a diversified economy, growing population and significant natural resources. This report focuses on the sustainable development of the oceans and coastlines surrounding the region, known as the blue economy.
 
Based on an OECD survey designed to capture the needs and perceptions of local employers (mostly of small- and medium-sized enterprises [SME]), this report analyses the specific skills needed to support green growth in Pomorskie, and how related labour market and training programmes can be made more effective in supporting the transition to a low-carbon economy.

 

Canada, le deuxième pays le plus vaste du monde, possède d'abondantes richesses naturelles. Son immense territoire comprend de vastes étendues de nature intacte. Cependant, l'urbanisation et l'agriculture font pression sur les richesses naturelles du pays. Depuis 2000, le Canada a progressé dans le découplage de la croissance économique par rapport à la pollution de l'air, la consommation d'énergie et les émissions de gaz à effet de serre, mais il demeure l'une des économies à plus haute intensité d'énergie et d'émissions de l'OCDE. De plus amples efforts sont nécessaires pour passer à une économie verte, à bas carbone.

Ce rapport est le troisième examen environnemental du Canada. Il évalue ses progrès en matière de développement durable et de croissance verte, avec des chapitres détaillés sur le changement climatique et le traitement des eaux usées urbaines.

This report discusses the main results of a study on how to reduce air pollution from urban public transport in Kazakhstan. More specifically, it presents the analysis of how to design a green public investment programme in this sector. This sector represents an opportunity for Kazakhstan to address key objectives in its environmental and climate-related policies as part of the country’s ambitions to transit to a green economic path of development. In addition to supporting environmental and climate-related objectives, the programme is designed to support the modernisation of the urban transport fleet in the country as well as stimulate the domestic market to shift to modern buses powered by clean fuels.

The programme is designed to be implemented in two phases: Phase 1 which covers the cities of Kostanay and Shymkent; and Phase 2 which extends the coverage to all major urban centres in Kazakhstan. Two scenarios for the implementation of the second (extended) phase of the programme are developed. Their total cost is estimated to be up to EUR 300 mln. These investments are expected to result in significant air improvement with NOx emissions seeing the greatest decline of up to 2 mln kg/year, whereas CO2 emissions are estimated to decline in an ideal scenario by up to 70 thousand t/year.

The water supply and sanitation (WSS) sector in Moldova is not financially sustainable: tariffs do not typically cover operational costs and capital investments are heavily funded by external development partners. This report analyses several options for streamlining and strengthening domestic financial support mechanisms (DFSMs) in terms of both supply and demand, discusses different scenarios and recommends a number of actions to ensure effective DFSM implementation, notably: 1) sufficient investment for the implementation of targets and obligations set in the national strategies, the Association Agreement with the EU, as well as Moldova’s international commitments (water-related Sustainable Development Goals, and the “Water-to-all” commitment); 2) the financial sustainability of operators; and 3) the affordability of WSS services for end-users, especially low-income segments of the population.

Groundwater allocation determines who is able to use groundwater resources, how, when and where. It directly affects the value (economic, ecological, socio-cultural) that individuals and society obtain from groundwater, today and in the future. Building on the 2015 OECD publication Water Resources Allocation: Sharing Risks and Opportunities, this report focuses on groundwater and how its allocation can be improved in terms of economic efficiency, environmental effectiveness and social equity. Drawing on an analysis of groundwater’s distinctive features and nine case studies of groundwater allocation in a range of countries, the report provides practical policy guidance for groundwater allocation in the form of a "health check". This health check can be used to assess the performance of current arrangements and manage the transition towards improved allocation.

The report, building on a policy dialogue with a range of stakeholders in Korea, analyses how economic policy instruments under the responsibility of the Korean Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport can be adjusted to contribute to water policy objectives. It also investigates how Smart Water Management Korea, an initiative by K-water that combines information and communication technology with water technology, can be harnessed to better contribute to water management in the country. Finally, it identifies some of the limitations of prevalent water allocation regimes which need to be addressed to make the best use of available water resources.

Since 1965, the Korean Government has invested heavily in quantitative development strategies to meet water needs, and despite highly variable water availability, this has allowed for and facilitated rapid urbanisation and economic growth. However, several long-term trends are expected to affect the capacity of the current water management system to adequately respond to current and future water risks, such as rapid ageing of the population, fiscal consolidation and climate change. These call for a renewed emphasis on water use efficiency.