The effectiveness of monetary policy since the onset of the financial crisis

In the wake of the Great Recession, a massive monetary policy stimulus was provided in the main OECD economies. It helped to stabilise financial markets and avoid deflation. Nonetheless, GDP growth has been sluggish and in some countries lower than expected given the measures taken, and estimated economic slack remains large.

Deleveraging: challenges, progress and policies

In the run-up to the financial crisis, indebtedness of households and non-financial businesses rose to historically high levels in many OECD countries; gross debt of financial companies rose dramatically relative to GDP. Much of the debt accumulation appears to have been based on excessive risk-taking and exceptional macro-economic conditions and therefore not sustainable.

Italy and the euro area crisis: securing fiscal sustainability and financial stability

Italy’s policy of fiscal consolidation and growth-friendly structural reforms has substantially improved its economic prospects, but the adverse sentiment that the country has faced in the sovereign bond market over the past years has deep roots.

Banks’ restructuring and smooth deleveraging of the private sector in Slovenia

Slovenia is facing the legacy of a boom-bust cycle that has been compounded by weak corporate governance of state-owned banks. The levels of non-performing loans and capital adequacy ratios compare poorly in international perspective and may deteriorate further, which could require significant bank recapitalisation.

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• Economic Survey of Slovenia 2013

Housing, financial and capital taxation policies to ensure robust growth in Sweden

Extensive structural reforms since the early 1990s have strengthened the resilience of the Swedish economy to shocks.

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• Economic Survey of Sweden 2012

Economics Department Policy Note No. 16: Debt and macroeconomic stability

Public and private debt levels are very high by historical standards. OECD-wide total financial liabilities now exceed 1 000% of GDP. High debt levels can create vulnerabilities, which amplify and transmit macroeconomic and asset price shocks.

Portugal: rebalancing the economy and returning to growth through job creation and better capital allocation

Low growth and huge current account deficits have characterised the Portuguese economy over the past decade.

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• Economic Survey of Portugal 2012

Also Available

Tackling Turkey’s external and domestic macroeconomic imbalances

Effective macroeconomic and structural policies helped Turkey bounce back quickly and strongly from the global crisis, with annual growth averaging close to 9% over 2010-11

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• Economic Survey of Turkey 2012

Also Available

Towards green growth in Denmark: improving energy and climate change policies

Denmark’s green growth strategy focuses on moving the energy system away from fossil fuels and investing in green technologies, while limiting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.

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• Economic Survey of Denmark 2012

International capital mobility and financial fragility: Part 7. Enhancing Financial Stability: Country-specific evidence on Financial Account and Structural Policy Positions

This paper brings together the results from new empirical analysis on how – under international capital mobility – financial account structure and structural policies can contribute to financial stability.