Composite Leading Indicators (CLIs)

Source: OECD Main Economic Indicators (updated continuously) - Composite leading indicators (CLIs) are calculated for 29 OECD countries (Iceland is not included), 6 non-member economies and 9 zone aggregates. A country CLI comprises a set of component series selected from a wide range of key short-term economic indicators mainly covered in the MEI database.

Reforms for a cleaner, healthier environment in China

China’s exceptional economic expansion has led to rising energy demand and pollution as well as other environmental pressures. Strong efforts by the government have moderated emissions of some types of air and water pollution from high levels but others, including greenhouse gas emissions, continue to rise. Poor air and water quality threaten human health, create other costs and reduce well-being.

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• Economic Survey of China 2013

中国：加快改革步伐、促进绿色和包容性增长

中国新的领导集体已发出了明确的信号：中国已取得了巨大的经济与社会发展成就，但深化结构改革的需要日益迫切，现在是时候加快改革步伐了。中国预计将在2016年左右成为全球第一大经济体，为了继续提高生活水平和建设小康社会，中国的确需要更深入的改革。

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Stepping up the pace of reform and fostering greener and more inclusive growth in China

China’s new leadership has signalled that it is time to step up the pace of reform, building on the remarkable economic and social achievements to date while recognising the pressing need for deep structural changes. Indeed, far-reaching reforms are necessary for continuing to raise living standards and well-being, even as China is poised to become the world’s largest economy by around 2016.

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Speeding up reforms will foster more inclusive and greener growth in China

China has made tremendous progress toward achieving inclusive growth, but major reforms are needed to ensure a fourth decade of rapidly converging living standards and a greener economy, according to the OECD’s latest Economic Survey of China.

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• Stepping up the pace of reform and fostering greener and more inclusive growth in China

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• 经合组织称加快改革进程必将促进中国经济增长更加包容更加绿色
• 经合组织称加快改革进程必将促进中国经济增长更加包容更加绿色

Towards a more inclusive and greener growth

China enjoys a more stable and balanced growth and is now definitely on course to become the world’s largest economy around 2016. But major reforms are still needed to ensure a fourth decade of rapidly converging living standards and a greener economy, said OECD Secretary-General.

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• Speeding up reforms will foster more inclusive and greener growth in China

Economic Survey of China 2013

Despite a glum global economic context China is set to continue to catch up fast, propelled by ongoing urbanisation. Environmental pressures are on the rise, however, and greening growth has become a top policy priority.

经合组织称加快改革进程必将促进中国经济增长更加包容更加绿色

经合组织最新一期的《中国经济调查》指出，尽管中国在实现包容性增长方面成效显著，但为确保第四个十年更快地向更高生活水平靠拢，并使经济更加“绿色”，中国仍需采取重大措施深入改革。

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• Speeding up reforms will foster more inclusive and greener growth in China
• L’accélération des réformes favorisera une croissance verte et solidaire en Chine

The system of revenue sharing and fiscal transfers in China

The main features of China’s current sub-national finance arrangements date back to the 1994 tax reform. China has a multi-level government structure that shares national tax revenues through a system of tax sharing and transfers, and divides spending assignments and responsibilities.

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China: Trade and product markets

This paper explores the productivity impact of trade, product market and financial market policies over the last decade in China – a fast growing country where, despite significant reform action, regulatory stance remains still far from OECD standards.