The impact of changes in second pension pillars on public finances in Central and Eastern Europe

This paper studies the impact of recent changes in second pension pillars of three Central and Eastern European Countries on the deficit and implicit debt of their full pension systems.

Reforming education in England

Despite significant increases in spending on child care and education during the last decade, PISA scores suggest that educational performance remains static, uneven and strongly related to parents’ income and background.

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• Economic survey of the United Kingdom 2011

Less income inequality and more growth – are they compatible? Part 4. Top incomes

Over the past decades, top incomes have soared, especially in the English-speaking countries. Despite a considerable amount of research on top income developments, there is still substantial disagreement about the causes for their rapid increase.

Less income inequality and more growth – are they compatible? Part 3. Income redistribution via taxes and transfers across OECD countries

Taxes and transfers reduce inequality in disposable income relative to market income. The effect varies, however, across OECD countries.

Fiscal consolidation: Part 6. What are the best policy instruments for fiscal consolidation?

OECD countries face daunting fiscal challenges following the substantial surge in debt-GDP ratios during the past four years, from already high levels in many cases.

Fiscal consolidation: Part 5. What factors determine the success of consolidation efforts?

The global economic and financial crisis exacerbated the need for fiscal consolidation in many OECD countries.

Fiscal consolidation: Part 3. Long-run projections and fiscal gap calculations

During the economic and financial crisis, fiscal positions across the OECD countries deteriorated sharply. This raises the question of what level of primary deficit would ensure long-term sustainability and what degree of consolidation is needed.

Less income inequality and more growth – are they compatible? Part 5. Poverty in OECD countries

Poverty is an important policy issue in OECD countries and the recent crisis has made it even more pressing. This paper highlights poverty rate differences across countries and reviews the various policies to tackle it.

Fiscal consolidation: Part 1. How much is needed and how to reduce debt to a prudent level?

The economic and financial crisis was the catalyst for a fiscal crisis that engulfs many OECD countries. In most countries, budget deficits soared as a result of the economic slump, weaker revenues and the policy response to the crisis.

Explaining the interest-rate-growth differential underlying government debt dynamics

The differential between the interest rate paid to service government debt and the growth rate of the economy is a key concept in assessing fiscal sustainability.