Economic Survey of Hungary 2010: Sustaining the momentum of fiscal reform

The fiscal deficit has been gradually brought down even in the midst of a deep recession, pro-cyclical fiscal tightening continued. Fiscal sustainability is aimed to be restored by the recent reforms.

Health Care Reform in the United States

In spite of improvements, on various measures of health outcomes the United States appears to rank relatively poorly among OECD countries. Health expenditures, in contrast, are significantly higher than in any other OECD country.

Economic Survey of the Slovak Republic 2009: Achieving fiscal flexibility and safeguarding sustainability

Euro area entry calls for more fiscal flexibility to absorb cyclical shocks that cannot be dealt with by the common monetary policy. At the same time fiscal consolidation must not be put at risk, especially given rising ageing related costs.

Making the most of Norwegian schools

Traditionally, the Norwegian compulsory education system has focused strongly on the linked goals of equal opportunities to learn, comprehensive and inclusive education.

Financial crises: Past lessons and policy implications

This overview paper examines the financial crisis in light of past country experience and economic theory and draws preliminary policy recommendations.

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Can the financial sector continue to be the main growth engine in Luxembourg?

Luxembourg is today one of the main international centres for investment funds. Besides the sector’s direct and indirect employment effects, the most important effect is the large tax revenue generating capacity of the sector, accounting directly for over 20% of aggregate tax revenues.

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• Economic survey of Luxembourg 2008

Economic Survey of the Euro Area 2009: Fiscal Policy

The economic downturn and the financial turmoil are intensifying fiscal pressures. In the longer-term, progress towards fiscal sustainability and improving the quality of the public finances remain priorities.

Tax reform for efficiency and fairness in Canada

In a context of fiscal surpluses,the Canadian government has been: markedly reducing corporate income and capital taxes; providing more personal tax relief especially at lower incomes and above all for saving; and cutting the federal value added tax (GST).

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• Economic survey of Canada 2008

Economic Survey of Brazil 2009: Reaping the benefits of macroeconomic consolidation

Despite the current problems related to the global financial and economic crisis, ongoing macroeconomic adjustment continues to bear fruit. Attainment of the primary budget surplus targets has delivered falling public debt-to-GDP ratios since 2003. Prudent debt management has reduced refinancing risk and external vulnerabilities. The forward looking conduct of monetary policy within a framework combining inflation targeting with a

Economic Survey of Brazil 2009: Making government operations more cost-effective

Despite considerable progress in many areas, there remains substantial scope for making government operations more cost-effective. Brazil spends a high share of GDP on selected government financed programmes in relation to many OECD countries and its emerging-market peers, but outcome indicators are often comparatively poor. As a result, in the absence of efficiency gains, further increases in spending would need to be financed