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Date of release: November 2007
Input-Output tables describe the sale and purchase relationships between producers and consumers within an economy. They can be produced by illustrating flows between the sales and purchases (final and intermediate) of industry outputs or by illustrating the sales and purchases (final and intermediate) of product outputs . The OECD Input-Output database is presented on the former basis, reflecting in part the collection mechanisms for many other data sources such as research and development R&D expenditure data, employment statistics, pollution data, energy consumption, which are in the main collected by enterprise or by establishment, and thus according to industry classifications.
The latest set of OECD Input-Output tables (2006 edition Revision 1) consists of matrices of inter-industrial transaction flows of goods and services (domestically produced and imported) in current prices, for 28 OECD countries (currently all OECD member countries except Iceland and Mexico) and 9 non-member countries (Argentina, Brazil, China, Chinese Taipei, India, Indonesia, Israel, Russia and South Africa), covering 1995 and 2000 or nearest years. Through the use of a standard industry list based on ISIC Revision 3 , comparisons can be made across countries. Further information for each country and the estimation methodology is available in the document The OECD Input-Output Database edition 2006 - STI Working Paper 2006/8 .
The database is a very useful empirical tool for economic research and structural analysis at international level. It highlights inter-industrial relationships and covers not only manufacturing but also services. When used in conjunction with other OECD databases on industrial structures, such as STAN Industry Database (STAN), Business R&D Expenditures by Industry (ANBERD) and the Bilateral Trade Database (BTD), it provides a tool for consistent economic analysis of growth, structural change, productivity, competitiveness and employment at both the sectoral and macroeconomic levels. Increasingly, input-output tables are also being used in environmental analysis; for example, to measure direct and indirect pollutants produced by industrial sectors within an economy and, importantly, 'leakages' between economies (see documents on Carbon Emissions and on Productivity Growth in Services Industries ). For a broad overview of potential uses of 'harmonised' Input-Output tables, see STI Working Paper 2006/7 .
The database also contains tables for earlier years, in constant and current prices, covering 10 OECD countries (Australia, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, United Kingdom and United States) and (broadly) five year points from the early seventies through to the early nineties. These were produced using an earlier system of national accounts (SNA68) and industrial classification system (ISIC Revision 2). The first update to this database began in 2000 culminating in the 2002 edition of I-O tables, which is based on ISIC Revision 3 and increased the country coverage to 18 OECD countries and 2 non-OECD countries (Brazil and China). A concordance between ISIC Rev.2 and ISIC Rev.3 classifications can be found in the United Nations Classifications Registry.
The coverage of industries in the 2006 edition has been expanded to 48 industrial sectors, compared to 42 in the 2002 edition, but both editions remain comparable at the 42 level of coverage, since both are based on ISIC Rev.3. Moreover, in both sets of tables, the industry breakdown allows high-technology manufacturing activities, such as pharmaceuticals, computers, communication equipment and aircraft to be studied, although for some countries some of these sectors are not separately identified.
Many of the industry-by-industry input-output tables have been derived from Member Countries' supply-use tables, using the fixed-product sales structure assumption. Furthermore, some additional adjustments have been made to the supply-use tables, usually to deal with disclosure problems. As such, the input-output tables should not be regarded as official country estimates. If the supply-use tables are consistent with equivalent estimates in the National Accounts and the STAN Database, the input-output tables maintain this consistency. Not all countries, however, integrate their supply-use tables into the national accounts' production process, and therefore on occasions differences may exist.
To receive the 2006 edition of I-O matrices (ISIC Rev.3) for free, please send your name, institution, country of residence and email address to sti.contact@oecd.org, mentioning "Input-Output" in the title of your message.
For an overview of input-output data availability at the OECD click here.
Direct access to previous sets of data : 1995 edition (ISIC Rev.2) and 2002 edition (ISIC Rev.3).
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