La finance, les entreprises et la crise

La crise économique mondiale affecte les familles et les communautés à travers le monde. Restorer la stabilité, la confiance et la croissance sont des priorités. La Direction des Affaires financières et des entreprises (DAF) se concentre sur l'aide à apporter aux gouvernements pour améliorer les politiques domestiques et mondiales qui touchent les entreprises et les marchés. Nous identifions des politiques et les pratiques conçues pour garder les marchés ouverts, concurrentiels et durables tout en combattant les abus du marché et le crime économique grâce à la coopération internationale. Cette page offre une vue d'ensemble de notre réponse à la crise dans plusieurs domaines principaux.

Répondre à la crise

L’OCDE, l’OMC et la CNUCED invitent les pays du G20 à s’engager plus résolument à ouvrir leurs frontières aux échanges et à l’investissement - L’OCDE, l’Organisation mondiale du commerce et la Conférence des Nations unies sur le commerce et le développement appellent les chefs d’État et de gouvernement des pays du G20 à prendre des engagements plus fermes en faveur de l’ouverture des échanges et de l’investissement, au moment où s’amorce une reprise de l’économie mondiale  suite à la crise.

Finance, Competition and Governance: Priorities for Reform and Strategies to Phase-Out Emergency Measures - This report describes the main issues that must be addressed to restore public confidence in financial markets and to put incentives in place to encourage a prudent balance between risk and the search for return in (broadly-defined) banking.

Towards better corporate governance - the financial crisis has revealed severe shortcomings in corporate governance. When most needed, they often failed to provide the checks and balances that companies need in order to cultivate sound business practices. OECD has launched an ambitious action plan to address weakness in corporate governance.

Mats Isaksson, Head of Corporate Affairs, talks about the corporate governance failures thrown up by the crisis in areas like executive pay and risk management and what needs to be done.

Private pensions - the current financial crisis has had a major impact on global pension assets. The largest impact to date has been on private pension schemes which have seen an average decline of over 23% or USD 5.4 trillion in their investments across the OECD, according to Private Pensions Outlook.

"Freedom of Investment" initiative - OECD has, since early 2006, provided a forum for intergovernmental dialogue on how governments can reconcile the need to preserve and expand an open international investment environment with their duty to safeguard the essential security interests of their people. Participating countries have pledged to resist discriminatory policies and new forms of protectionism towards investment in the context of the global economic crisis and to continue to monitor measures and commitments.

Fighting corruption - corruption threatens good governance, sustainable development, democratic process and fair business practices. OECD’s Anti-Bribery Convention was the first global instrument to fight corruption in cross-border business deals.

Publications et articles clés

• Dealing with the financial crisis and thinking about the exit strategy, juin 2009
  This paper looks at the stages of crisis management within the financial system and some of the different degrees of transparency on losses and risks in the US and Europe and outlining the requirements of longer-run reform.
   
• Corporate governance and the financial crisis: Key findings and main messages, juin 2009
  This report aims to further advance the action plan on corporate governance and the financial crisis. Following an analysis of major corporate governance weaknesses, it provides a set of key findings and main messages that will provide the basis for a set of recommendations to be issued towards the end of the year.
  
  
• Competition and financial markets: Key findings, juin 2009
  The OECD’s Competition Committee debated competition issues in the current
  financial crisis on 17-18 February 2009. This report presents an Executive Summary which draws on the debate and the written materials and the Background Paper for the discussion. More information from the event, can be found at www.oecd.org/competition/roundtables.
  
  
• Financial Literacy and Consumer Protection: Overlooked Aspects of the Crisis, juin 2009
  This report provides further information on the context in which the OECD has actively taken a leadership role in proposing policy actions related to the protection and awareness of financial consumers in light of the financial crisis, especially through the elaboration of the Good Practices on Financial Education and Awareness Relating to Credit.  
  
  
• Investment policies and economic crises: lessons from the past, avril 2009
  How have governments responded to national and international crises in terms of their policies towards international investment? This paper looks at the range of investment policies adopted in previous crises and at how investors responded. It then compares this historical experience with recent measures announced to mitigate the current crisis.
   
• Private pensions and policy responses to the financial and economic crisis, avril 2009
  This paper discusses responses to the current financial and economic crisis by regulators, supervisors and policy makers in the area of private pensions. It focuses on the role of private pensions in complementing public systems and on how to design pension systems to introduce some degree of protection, improve sustainability of funding, enhance management and supervision, and step up disclosure and communication.
   
• Building trust and confidence in international investment, avril 2009
  This report is based on the work of the countries involved in the OECD’s “Freedom of Investment” initiative, which together represent four fifths of the world economy. It calls on countries to remain vigilant and monitor the risk of discriminatory policies and new forms of protectionism which may emerge as a result of the crisis.
   
• Keeping markets open in times of crisis, avril 2009
  The risks of trade and investment protectionism rise in times of crisis, yet countries must resist pressures to close off trade and investment flows that are badly needed to bolster activity. Trade and international investment cannot by themselves bring about a recovery, but as this policy brief warns, they are crucial for sustaining long-term development.
   
• Corporate Governance Lessons from the Financial Crisis, février 2009
  The financial crisis has revealed severe shortcomings in corporate governance. When most needed, they often failed to provide the checks and balances that companies need in order to cultivate sound business practices.This report analyses the impact of failures and weaknesses in corporate governance on the financial crisis, including risk management systems and executive salaries, providing a first overview of these shortcomings and the resulting challenges.  

URL permanente : www.oecd.org/daf/reponsecrise