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ISBN: 9264023844
Publication: 13/06/2006
No of pages: 280
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Chapter 5. Social Implications of Policies Aimed at Raising Employment
Have efforts to tackle high unemployment along the lines recommended by the 1994 Jobs Strategy , compromised other social goals, even as they helped to raise employment rates? Consistent with such concerns, wage dispersion has tended to increase in countries where unemployment has come down. However, employment gains have an offsetting effect on the distribution of household incomes, since many of the added workers are from lower income households. Consequently, overall income inequality and relative poverty have increased in some of the countries where unemployment has fallen, but decreased in others. Similarly, reductions in unemployment have coincided with increased low-paid and temporary employment in some countries, but the reverse is true in others. What is clear is that a significant share of low-paid and temporary workers find it difficult to climb the job ladder and/or experience frequent spells out of work, even as others successfully move into stable and better paying jobs.
For further reading, see the Key Reports on line and the supplementary statistical material of this chapter.
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Contents
1. Trends in income inequality and poverty: the link to changes in labour market performance
1.1. Income inequality and changes in unemployment and employment
1.2. Poverty incidence and persistence over the 1990s: overall and for specific groups
1.3. Impact of labour market institutions on household income inequality and poverty
1.4. Conclusion
2. Implications for job stability and career paths
2.1. Temporary jobs: evidence and policy implications
2.2. Low-pay incidence: patterns and policy significance
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List of tables
5.1. Trends of unemployment and overall income inequality
5.2. Trends of unemployment and relative poverty
5.3. Real income growth associated with relative poverty thresholds
5.4. Trends of unemployment and gross earnings inequality across full-time workers
5.5. Trends of unemployment and labour earnings inequality across all households
5.6. Trends of unemployment and transfers’ redistributive impact
5.7. Trends of unemployment and taxes’ redistributive impact
5.8. Correlations of inequality and relative poverty measures with indicators of labour market performance, 1970-2001
5.9. Typology of relative poverty dynamics across OECD countries
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List of figures
5.1. Indicators of income inequality and relative poverty, 2001
5.2. Relative poverty risk profile by age group, 1994-2001
5.3. Relative poverty risks by working status, 1994-2001
5.4. Changes in the incidence of temporary employment and unemployment/employment rates, 1994-2004
5.5. One-year transition rates to non-employment of temporary and permanent workers, 1998-2001 averages
5.6. Temporary employment and the job loss rate
5.7. Evolution of the incidence of low-paid work since the mid-1990s
5.8. Changes in the incidence of low pay and unemployment/employment rates, 1994-2004
5.9. Risk of low-pay/no-pay traps
5.10. Share of low-educated workers receiving low pay or no pay for selected countries, early 2000s
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How to Obtain this Publication
Readers can access the full version of the OECD Employment Outlook 2006 choosing from the following options:
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