La OCDE en América Latina / Publicaciones

PUBLICACIONES SOBRE AMÉRICA LATINA / PUBLICACIONES POR PAÍS

	Perspectivas Económicas de América Latina 2008 El Informe Perspectivas Económicas de América Latina 2008 (Latin American Economic Outlook - LEO) es una referencia indispensable sobre las tendencias económicas, los desafíos y las oportunidades para el desarrollo de América Latina. LEO 2008 consta de cuatro capítulos centrados en temas específicos: Coherencia de las políticas: mejorar la política fiscal, Finanzamiento para el desarrollo: produndizar la reforma de las pensiones, Emprender para el desarrollo: inversión y telecomunicaciones, Comercio para el desarrollo: los crecientes intercambios con China e India. A través de sus innovadores indicadores y el estudios de casos transversales, LEO 2008 enriquece el debate sobre las oportunidades para el desarrollo de América Latina.
	The Visible Hand of China in Latin America Latin America is looking towards China and Asia -- and China and Asia are looking right back. This is a major shift: for the first time in its history, Latin America can benefit from not one but three major engines of world growth. Until the 1980s, the United States was the region’s major trade partner. In the 1990s, a second growth engine emerged with the European investment boom in Latin America. Now, at the dawn of the new century, the increasing global economic importance of Asia, and in particular China, potentially provides a third engine of growth.
	La educación superior en América Latina: la dimensión internacional La globalización ha intentado varias veces reformar la educación superior en América Latina. Pero la región sigue al margen de los centros de investigación internacionales y de la divulgación de los conocimientos. Este libro representa un paso importante para hacer frnete a esta situación. Estudia a fondo los retos que tiene América Latina para convertirse en un centro del conocimiento que el mundo conozca, evaluando el desarrollo general de la educación superior en la región respecto a diferentes factores, como planes de estudio, redes educativas y movilidad de profesores y estudiantes. Con base en estos estudios de la educación superior en siete países (Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, México y Perú), este libro hace enfásis en las oportunidades de ubicar el perfil de América Latina en el escenario global.
	Exámenes inter-pares de la política y del derecho de la competencia en América Latina: Un seguimiento Argentina, Brasil, Chile, México, Perú En este volumen consta el trabajo de seguimiento a los cuatro informes del examen inter-pares en Latinoamérica que han sido producidos hasta ahora en el contexto del Foro Latinoamericano de Competencia, al igual que el examen inter-pares de México llevado acabo en el Comité de Competencia de la OCDE. Este trabajo evalúa el impacto que los exámenes inter-pares han tenido sobre la política de competencia y sobre las agencias de competencia en los países en cuestión. Se ha incluido también un resumen de la discusión llevada a cabo durante la reunión del Foro Latinoamericano de la Competencia del 2007.
	Challenges to Fiscal Adjustment in Latin America: The Cases of Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico A pesar del considerable progreso que han realizado las economías más grandes de Latino América para poner sus finanzas en orden, aún existen numerosos desafíos. Las políticas del gasto público necesitan contar con una mayor flexibilidad...
	Estudiantes con discapacidades, dificultades de aprendizaje y desventajas en los países de la OEA Este libro presenta un conjunto de datos comparables a nivel internacional sobre los servicios educativos para estudiantes que presentan deficiciencias, dicultades y desventajas sociales en países de la Organización de los Estados Americanos (OEA). Pone en evidencia a los estudiantes afectados, el tipo de escuelas que los reciben —escuelas especiales, clases especiales o clases ordinarias—, así como su nivel de educación (preescolar, primaria, el primero y segundo ciclos de enseñanza secundaria). También examina las consecuencias de las implicaciones de políticas relacionadas con la educación especial.
	Estudios Territoriales de la OCDE: región mesoamericana - México del Sur y América Central El proceso de integración económica de América Central, el cual data de los años cincuenta, entró en una nueva era en el 2001 con el lanzamiento del Plan Puebla Panamá. Este plan ayudó a cambiar el enfoque de la grandiosa “Región de Mesoamericana” (RMA), que incluye a los siete países de América Central más los nueve estados del sureste de México...


	Creditor Reporting System on Aid Activities: Aid Activities in Latin America and the Caribbean 2003 - Volume 2005 Issue 3 Aid Activities in Latin America and the Caribbean provides detailed information on individual commitments, i.e. intended disbursements, of Official Development Assistance (ODA) and Official Aid (OA) to countries in Latin America and the Caribbean for the year 2003. This yearly publication records the commitments reported by members of the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) and by multilateral institutions to the CRS Aid Activity database (Creditor Reporting System). Data presented are unique, comparable and consistent with definitions and methodologies of the DAC statistics.


	Insurance Regulation and Supervision in Latin America: A Comparative Assessment This publication provides a comparative study of insurance regulation and supervision in nineteen Latin American countries. It also includes materials prepared for two policy dialogue meetings, in Honduras in 2002 and in the Dominican Republic in 2003, between OECD Member countries and partner countries in Latin America to facilitate the co-operation and co-ordination among insurance regulators and supervisors. This publication is a reference tool for experts and policy makers, working in the insurance field.


	Foreign Direct Investment versus other Flows to Latin America The central question tackled here is that of the desirability of foreign direct investment over other flows, such as bank lending. There has been an undoubted rise in FDI flows as a proportion of all flows to the Latin American region, but how much of the cause is supply- or demand-driven remains unclear. Analyses presented in this volume appear to demonstrate that FDI is no better and no worse than other flows for growth and for crisis resistance and, in some cases, may even be a signal of an economy’s ill health. Contrary views, however, are also presented. Where governments compete for FDI, it is widely believed that they participate in a so-called "race to the bottom", lowering labour, environmental and other standards. The surprise here is that this fear is so far largely unfounded. The book also includes a glimpse of a round table discussion on these issues with private-sector participants.


	Privatisation in Asia, Europe and Latin America Governments of OECD countries and Dynamic Non-Member Economies are reducing their economic role by selling state-owned enterprises. In the early 1980s, the United Kingdom and New Zealand began to privatise and many other governments have followed suit in recent years. Several Latin American countries, notably Argentina, Chile and Mexico, have already realised most of their ambitious privatisation plans. Important programmes have also been adopted in East Asia. This publication brings together contributions from Asia, Europe and Latin America which highlight the objectives and policies of privatisation in different countries. In addition, it addresses such specific issues as the legal and institutional framework, the privatisation of public utilities, financial aspects and the role of foreign direct investment.


	Inversionistas Institucionales en América Latina Cuál es el estado actual del desarrollo de los inversionistas institucionales en América Latina? Cómo se pueden beneficiar los países de América Latina de la experiencia de países de la OECD para diseñar políticas que ayuden a fomentar el papel de los inversionistas institucionales? Cuáles son los requisitos necesarios en infraestructura financiera y en el marco regulador para asegurar el crecimiento y el buen funcionamiento del sector institucional en América Latina? Estas y otras cuestiones similares fueron abordadas durante el taller en Santiago de Chile sobre “Inversionistas Institucionales en América Latina”, organizado en Septiembre de 1999 por la OECD y la Comisión de la Unión Europea, en cooperación con el gobierno chileno. Este conjunto de textos puede constituir una obra de referencia sobre la inversión institucional para supervisores del sector financiero institucional, expertos del sector público, participantes del sector privado, y académicos de las economías de mercados emergentes y de los países de la OCDE.

	Hacia la Estabilidad y el Crecimiento en América Latina The Latin American region is prone to economic shocks which tend to derail development efforts and introduce insecurity into economic planning. Specialists from Latin America and Europe give a comprehensive picture of problems facing Latin America as well as proposals for the best policy responses for minimising these effects, particularly in the budgetary institutions, the banking and financial systems, and unemployment insurance. This is the sixth in a series of books produced under the joint annual Inter-American Development Bank/OECD Development Centre "Forum on Latin American Perspectives".



The Benefits of Free-Trade: East Asia and Latin America	The Benefits of Free-Trade: East Asia and Latin America The developing world is changing radically. Trade reforms are now a central feature of development plans and replace systems of protection that had been built up during the post-war period but which failed to deliver lasting economic growth and prosperity. This publication analyses the experiences of eleven countries in East Asia and Latin America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chili, Hong Kong, Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, Singapore, Taiwan and Thailand) which are among the first developing countries to succeed in fostering enduring reforms. Their economic transformation, and the contribution of OECD countries to it, has produced exceptional benefits both for their own populations and for the world economy. No other publication to date gives such a broad perspective on the question of trade liberalisation.



Development and Democracy: Aid Policies in Latin America	Development and Democracy: Aid Policies in Latin America Libro publicado en 1992

PUBLICACIONES POR PAÍS:

CHILE / BRASIL / REPÚBLICA DOMINICA / MÉXICO

CHILE

	OECD Review of Agricultural Policies Chile This Review measures the level and composition of support provided to Chilean agriculture, and evaluates the effectiveness of current measures in attaining their objectives. The study finds that Chile provides much lower support and protection to its agricultural sector than most OECD countries, even though government expenditures on the sector have trebled in real terms over the past ten years. About half of that spending is on public goods such as infrastructure and irrigation, while the other half consists mostly of measures that seek to make Chile’s poorer farmers more competitive.

	OECD Economic Surveys: Chile - Volume 2007 This 2007 edition of OECD's periodic survey of Chile's economy focuses on key challenges being faced including managing the economy after the copper price boom; efficiency in health care, education and housing services; informality; and raising labour force participation of women and youth.

	OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy Chile Over the last decade, Chile – a small, open economy with a traditionally strong resource-based production – has been the most successful Latin American country in reducing the gap in income per capita vis-à-vis the advanced countries. To complete this catching up, Chile needs to further strengthen some of the institutional pillars of an efficient market-oriented economy, notably its innovation system. A growing political awareness of the importance of innovation for the country’s future has recently translated into two bold decisions: the creation of an Innovation Council for Competitiveness entrusted with the mission of proposing guidelines for a long-term national innovation strategy; and the introduction of a specific mining tax to increase resources available to implement this strategy. This report assesses the current status of Chile’s innovation system and policies, and identifies where improvements are most needed in order to make the most efficient use of this additional public investment.

	OECD Environmental Performance Reviews Chile This review of Chile's environmental policies and performance, carried out in co-operation with the UN Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, systematically examines Chile's performance and policy with regards to air, water, nature conservation, and biodiversity. Topics covered: -Environmental Management -Air and Water Management -Nature Conservation and Biodiversity -Economy, Society and Environment -Sectoral Integration: Mining, Forestry, Aquaculture -International Co-operation

	Trade and Competitiveness in Argentina, Brazil and Chile: Not as Easy as A-B-C This book focuses on the role of exchange rate regimes, market imperfections and trade policy to support the strengthening and diversification of the tradable sector in Argentina, Brazil and Chile. Moreover, it analyses the agro-food sector, one of the pillars of the tradable sector in the region, and the role of foreign direct investment and competition policy. Overall it provides an integrated and original policy perspective on the factors underlying international competitiveness.

	Revisión de Políticas Nacionales de Educación Chile Education has been a central priority for Chile since the return of a democratic government in 1990. Thanks to a sustained economic growth and a commitment to increasing public investment in education, Chile has made a number of key improvements to the education system during this period. A recent reform ensures twelve years of free and compulsory schooling for all Chilean children. Enrolment in secondary education has expanded rapidly and teachers’ salaries have increased by 140%. If current trends are anything to go by, more than 800,000 students will be enrolled in higher education by 2010. Chile has achieved a great deal in a short period, becoming the leader in Latin America for improving the quality of, and access to, all levels of education.


Competition Law and Policy in Chile: A peer review	Competition Law and Policy in Chile: A peer review Publicado en el 2004


	Corporate Governance in Development: The Experiences of Brazil, Chile, India, and South Africa Corporate governance matters for national development. Studies of Brazil, Chile, India, and South Africa show that corporate governance has an important role to play in helping both to increase financial capital to firms in developing countries and to enhance those countries’ financial development as a whole. They further show that corporate governance matters can contribute greatly to achieving sustained productivity growth in developing countries’ real economies. The value of improved corporate governance for development cannot, however, be considered in isolation. In the financial sector, attention must also be given to measures to strengthen the banking sector and a country’s financial institutions as a whole. To gain most from improved corporate governance in the real economy, close attention must also be given to competition policy and to reforms of sector-specific regulatory practices. The book is for civil society, NGOs and research institutes.


	OECD Economic Surveys: Chile - Volume 2003 How can structural policies be better coordinated? Which reforms are necessary to deepen financial markets? How to improve equity without hindering the functioning of the labour market and put pressure on public finances? What areas of the regulatory framework need to be strengthened? SPECIAL FEATURES Financial Markets Labour Markets and Social Policies Product Market Policies


	OECD Reviews of Foreign Direct Investment Chile Chile is a significant host for foreign direct investment (FDI) in South America, especially given the relatively small size of its economy. The attraction of Chile to foreign investors lies not only in its resource abundance but also in its tradition of openness to foreign investment. Chilean policies towards inward investment generally conform to OECD standards, and the country has been a trailblazer within Latin America in terms of its early attempts to attract inward investment through an outward-looking strategy. Chilean firms, in particular privatised ones, are also becoming important regional investors. The study reviews the policies adopted by the Government of Chile towards inward investment and commends the generally open environment in which foreign firms are allowed to operate in Chile. There remain, however, certain areas where foreign investors are placed at a disadvantage, notably concerning capital controls, which are highlighted in the report.


Adjustment and Equity in Developing Countries Chile	Adjustment and Equity in Developing Countries Chile Publicado en el 1992


Third World Debt and Financial Innovation: The Experiences of Chile and Mexico	Third World Debt and Financial Innovation: The Experiences of Chile and Mexico Publicado en el 1991


BRASIL

	OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform Brazil: Strengthening Governance for Growth This review analyses the challenges of strengthening regulatory governance in Brazil to improve economic growth, with appropriate regulatory frameworks for core infrastructure sectors. Improved institutional capacities would also enhance support for regulatory policy across various government areas. Setting up an appropriate architecture for sectoral regulatory agencies and balancing autonomy with accountability will contribute to improved governance. Challenges include consolidating the autonomy and status of Brazilian regulatory authorities, reinforcing the strategic organisation for planning and decision making, increasing social accountability mechanisms, and improving co-ordination with competition authorities. Regulatory reform will help Brazil boost growth opportunities, and improve the quality and value of core services provided to its citizens.


	OECD Economic Surveys: Brazil - Volume 2006 This edition of OECD's periodic survey of Brazil's economy finds progress in achieving macroeconomic stability and good growth prospects but recommends consolidating macroeconomic adjustment, boosting innovation performance, and improving labour utilisation. A series of recommendations in each of these areas is included. SPECIAL FEATURES: -Innovation -Labour markets


	OECD Economic Surveys: Brazil - Volume 2006 This second OECD Economic Survey of Brazil makes a detailed examination of macroeconomic policies, financial markets, the regulatory framework and social policies and expenditure. It finds that the Brazilian economy is bouncing back and is achieving more balanced growth, but that it needs to continue the consolidation of macroeconomic stabilisation. It suggests that the main challenges Brazil faces are improving the quality of fiscal consolidation, enhancing the investment climate, and improving the cost-effectiveness of social programmes.


	OECD Review of Agricultural Policies Brazil This Review measures the level and composition of support to Brazilian agriculture, and evaluates the effectiveness of current measures in attaining their objectives. The study finds that Brazil provides much lower support to its agricultural sector than most OECD countries. However, a large and increasing share of that support is provided in the form of credit subsidies; support which could be more productively oriented to areas such as research and extension, training, and the development of rural infrastructure. A greater focus on such long-term investments could help Brazil to address the two major challenges confronting its agricultural sector: the need to sustain improvements in international competitiveness, and at the same time draw poor smallholders into the development process. At the international level, the report finds that, having substantially reformed its own agricultural policies, the main source of future benefits to Brazil will be reforms in other countries, where access to OECD country markets is the most important issue. Yet while trade liberalisation offers important benefits for the majority of households, those gains need to be placed in the context of the broader opportunities and adjustment pressures confronting both commercial farmers and smallholders.


	Trade and Competitiveness in Argentina, Brazil and Chile: Not as Easy as A-B-C This book focuses on the role of exchange rate regimes, market imperfections and trade policy to support the strengthening and diversification of the tradable sector in Argentina, Brazil and Chile. Moreover, it analyses the agro-food sector, one of the pillars of the tradable sector in the region, and the role of foreign direct investment and competition policy. Overall it provides an integrated and original policy perspective on the factors underlying international competitiveness.


	Corporate Governance in Development: The Experiences of Brazil, Chile, India, and South Africa Corporate governance matters for national development. Studies of Brazil, Chile, India, and South Africa show that corporate governance has an important role to play in helping both to increase financial capital to firms in developing countries and to enhance those countries’ financial development as a whole. They further show that corporate governance matters can contribute greatly to achieving sustained productivity growth in developing countries’ real economies. The value of improved corporate governance for development cannot, however, be considered in isolation. In the financial sector, attention must also be given to measures to strengthen the banking sector and a country’s financial institutions as a whole. To gain most from improved corporate governance in the real economy, close attention must also be given to competition policy and to reforms of sector-specific regulatory practices. The book is for civil society, NGOs and research institutes.


	OECD Economic Surveys: Brazil 2000/2001 SPECIAL FEATURES Fiscal reform Corporate sector competitiveness Financial markets


	Using Knowledge for Development: The Brazilian Experience This book looks at Brazil’s recent experience in using knowledge for development. It examines the major barriers confronting the country in its transition towards a knowledge-based economy, and presents elements of a viable strategy which would allow it to step confidently into the future. However, while Brazil has tremendous strengths and the ability to take immense strides forward in the medium term, there are formidable challenges which need to be faced. The country continues to be plagued by a number of weaknesses, hampering its potential for economic, technological and social development. The report argues that Brazil needs to put in place a more comprehensive policy framework for the broad diffusion of knowledge.The Brazilian innovation system and the productivity of research need to be strengthened, while the policy frameworks which are key for disseminating the outcomes of research throughout society as a whole need reinforcing. These reforms should be carried out in such a way that they help build effective links to industrial activity and lead to the creation of marketable products.


	OECD Reviews of Foreign Direct Investment Brazil Brazil is on the verge of becoming one of the leading recipients of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Latin America and the world. Major economic reforms and large scale privatisations have enhanced Brazil's attractiveness as the largest Latin American market and as a key player in Mercosur. This trend should pick up speed in the coming years with further liberalisation, the restructuring of the Brazilian economy and the pursuance of economic integration. There is every reason to commend the policies adopted by the Government of Brazil to eliminate discriminatory treatment towards foreign investors and their investments, protect their tangible and intangible assets and provide for the resolution of investment disputes. The study highlights, however, some lingering areas of concern, notably with respect to access to the banking system, goverment discretionary action and existing market distortions. The adherence to OECD liberalisation principles should nevertheless consolidate and confort the reform process in Brazil while providing a favorable framework for the expansion of FDI relations between Brazil and OECD countries.


	Long-Term Growth Long-Term Brazilian Economic Growth: 1930/1994 Brazil enjoyed virtually uninterrupted growth at often exceptional levels from the beginning of the century to 1980, thereafter suffering fourteen years of stagnation. The underlying reasons for this extraordinary history are examined in this book. Growth occurred despite population increase, perverse income distribution, chronically poor economic policies and the least social progress among the six largest Latin American economies. Growth, however, took place behind closed doors in an economy where until the 1960s policies discouraged external trade and even then continued to restrain imports. The result was to stimulate rent seeking whose beneficiaries, in turn, encouraged protectionist and isolationist policies. These policies worked as long as the internal market could function but were too inflexible when reform became inevitable, thus causing the collapse of the 1980s. This book makes recommendations which largely correspond to the policy orientations taken since 1993 and which, apparently, seem to be producing positive results.


Development Centre Studies Foreign Direct Investment in Brazil: Its Impact on Industrial Restructuring	Development Centre Studies Foreign Direct Investment in Brazil: Its Impact on Industrial Restructuring Publicado en el 1991


Agriculture and Economic Crisis Lessons from Brazil	Agriculture and Economic Crisis Lessons from Brazil Publicado en el 1990


Investing in Brazil: A Legal and Practical Guide, 1999	Investing in Brazil: A Legal and Practical Guide, 1999 This publication presents an assessment of Brazil’s foreign direct investment trends and policies. It is based on the results of an examination held in July 1997 by the CIME as part of Brazil’s request to become an observer participant in the Committee and to adhere to the 1979 OECD Declaration on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises and its Related Decisions and Recommendations. The 1976 Declaration promotes non-discriminatory policies toward established foreign enterprises and sets voluntary guidelines for foreign investors to follow in host countries. This study updates the original OECD report published in 1998 "OECD Reviews of Foreing Direct Investment. Brazil".


REPÚBLICA DOMINICANA

	Revisión de Políticas Nacionales de Educación Informe sobre las Políticas Nacionales de Educación: República Dominicana Las reformas del sistema educativo, la formación y el desarrollo de los recursos humanos forman parte integrante de una economía de mercado. La República Dominicana realizó progresos en todas estas áreas desde que empezaron las reformas en 1990. El desafío para la Secretaría de Estado de Educación (SEE), la Secretaría de Estado de Educación Superior, Ciencia y Tecnología (SEECyT) y el Instituto Nacional de Formación Técnico Profesional (INFOTEP) consistió en promover y apoyar los cambios que corresponden a las necesidades tanto de la nueva economía como de la sociedad y a los intereses de todos los jóvenes y adultos, en un contexto de escasez de recursos financieros y humanos. Este libro ofrece un breve panorama de la problemática de la región y una historia de la educación en República Dominicana y describe su desarrollo en el país durante los últimos quince años. Presenta un análisis del sistema educativo, poniendo de relieve las direcciones clave tomadas para fortalecer las reformas a la luz de los desafíos afrontados por los funcionarios, las comunidades, las empresas, los educadores, los padres y los estudiantes bajo condiciones muy dinámicas. Concluye con un conjunto de recomendaciones clave acerca de la estructura del sistema y su relevancia para el mercado de trabajo; acceso y equidad; financiación, gobierno y gestión; internacionalización; investigación, desarrollo e innovación. Este informe será de gran utilidad tanto para los profesionales dominicanos como para sus homólogos internacionales.


	OECD Investment Policy Reviews Caribbean Rim: Costa Rica, Dominican Republic and Jamaica The Caribbean Rim Investment Initiative (CRII) promotes a creative and pragmatic co-operative approach between countries of Central America and the Caribbean, the OECD and other international organisations. Its objective is to enhance investment opportunities in the region. The Business Environment Reports produced under this Initiative provide a factual assessment of investment conditions existing in each CRII country. They offer a unique set of detailed information which should be of interest to all those concerned by the development of investment opportunities in the region. The reports are intended to be used by the countries involved as a roadmap for developing and implementing their agenda for investment policy reform, with the support of the CRII and the OECD. This volume contains the reports completed for Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic and Jamaica.


MÉXICO

	Estudios Económicos de la OCDE - México Edición 2007 Desde fines de los años ochenta, México ha puesto en marcha una amplia gama de reformas para liberalizar la economía y abrirla al comercio y la inversión extranjera. Su desempeño macroeconómico ha mejorado de forma significativa y el crecimiento del PIB ha promediado 3.6 por ciento anual desde la crisis de 1995. En 2006, el crecimiento alcanzó un robusto 4.8 por ciento, sustentado por el auge en las exportaciones y la fortaleza de la inversión. Sin embargo, se espera que la actividad pierda fuerza este año y el próximo, con un crecimiento del PIB alrededor de su tasa potencial, que se estima entre 3.5 y 4 por ciento. Dado el crecimiento de la población de alrededor de 1.3 por ciento por año, esta tasa de crecimiento resulta demasiado baja para permitir la convergencia del ingreso per cápita de México hacia los niveles de vida de los países más avanzados de la OCDE. En 2005, el ingreso promedio de la poblaciónmexicana se ubicó aún entre losmás bajos de la OCDE y sólo cerca de una cuarta parte del de Estados Unidos (en términos de paridades de poder de compra). Aunque la utilización de mano de obra no es lejana al promedio de la Organización, su productividad ha crecido a un ritmo demasiado lento para llegar a este nivel desde un umbral inicial bajo.


	Estudios Territoriales de la OCDE: México A pesar del impresionante desempeño del crecimiento en las exportaciones y los considerables flujos de IED durante los años noventa, México no ha sido capaz de aliviar las disparidades sociales y regionales que existen en el país. Las diferencias en los activos que impulsan la consecución de esta meta son relevantes en términos de los distintos ritmos de desarrollo en las diversas regiones del país, destacando, además, la brecha que existe entre varias zonas del centro y norte de México y del sur y sureste, donde la mayor parte de la población sigue viviendo en la pobreza. La coexistencia de una alta concentración y dispersión de la población y las actividades económicas plantea retos de política adicionales en función de lograr un desarrollo económico más equilibrado en todo el país.


	Estudios Territoriales de la OCDE: La Ciudad de México El crecimiento espectacular de la Ciudad de México en una de las regiones metropolitanas más grandes del mundo la está llevando a la nueva dinámica del desarrollo. El Área Metropolitana de la Ciudad de México (AMCM), con una población de aproximadamente 18.4 millones de personas, está experimentando dos transiciones principales: primero, de un crecimiento alto de la población a una estabilidad demográfica relativa y de una redistribución espacial, y segundo, del declive de una economía manufacturera dirigida a los mercados nacionales a una basada en la competencia internacional en el sector de los servicios.


	Estudios Territoriales de la OCDE: Yucatán, México El estado mexicano de Yucatán, con su ubicación de importancia estratégica cerca de Estados Unidos de América, América Central y el Caribe, es una de las regiones más dinámicas de la OCDE. yucatán es también una tierra de contrastes. Es uhna región rezagada pero en crecimiento, que ofrece una lata calidad de vida y vastos recursos naturales, pero que a la vez padece problemas de sustentabilidad. Sus atracciones turísticas se localizan en zonas rurales que no se benefician de ellas. Cuenta con servicios médicos estatales y peninsulares, pero su cobertura de servicios de salud es desiquilabrada. Yucatán es un centro de educación superior en la peninsula y , sin embargo, sus graduados no consiguen empleo. Tiene varias comunidades marginadas en organismos administrativos fragmentados y, si bien los estados que pertenecen a la península comparten un legado y un atractivo culturales comunes, sus instituciones no cooperan entre sí.


	Estudios de política rural México Las áreas rurales en México presentan importantes desafíos. En ellas habita una amplia población (más que la población total de muchos países de la OCDE), altamente dispersa y la mayor parte en condiciones de pobreza. El potencial de estas áreas también es extenso, siempre que se den las condiciones para propiciar que sus amplios recursos humanos principalmente jóvenes), así como sus activos naturales, culturales y físicos sustenten a una economía rural más diversificada que contribuya al desarrollo nacional. El presente estudio demuestra que el potencial y los retos de las áreas rurales varían para cada región, por lo tanto requiere de enfoques de política territorial. Existen avances significativos por parte del gobierno mexicano en cuanto a proporcionar una perspectiva multisectorial a la política rural. Algunos de estos logros representan un ejemplo de mejores prácticas para otros países de la OCDE. La continuidad de institucionalización de estos avances constituyen una prioridad. Adicionalmente, es necesaria la orientación de esfuerzos para la mejora en la eficacia y efectividad de los programas de desarrollo rural y garantizar su coherencia con las políticas sectoriales. Esto contribuirá a mejorar la atención en las disparidades entre individuos y entre regiones, así como a trasformar las áreas rurales en un soporte para el desarrollo nacional.


	Estudios territoriales de la OCDE: La región mesoamericana Mesoamérica tiene una variedad de recursos, abundantes pero a menudo subutilizados, que contrasta con las insatisfactorias condiciones económicas generales de la región. En primer lugar, al unir América del Norte con América del Sur y al ser el paso obligado entre Asia y Europa, la posición geopolítica de la RMA es uno de sus mayores activos. Mesoamérica tiene potencial para convertirse en un verdadero enlace entre mercados importantes y servir de base logística estratégica para el transporte de carga y pasajeros. En la actualidad, Estados Unidos sigue siendo el principal destino de las exportaciones de la región (40.15% en 2003), seguido por la región misma (28.75%) y luego por los países de la OCDE, excluidos Estados Unidos y México (16.47%). Sin embargo, tener servicios logísticos e infraestructuras poco competentes sigue poniendo trabas para la competitividad y el crecimiento de la región.


	Política Agropecuaria y Pesquera en México: Logros Recientes, Continuación de las Reformas Este reporte analiza los efectos de las ambiciosas reformas en México a las políticas de agricultura y pesca desde 1990, y realiza recomendaciones para futuras reformas. La evaluación se basa en los criterios para las buenas políticas de agricultura y pesca adoptadas por los países de la OCDE. Tales criterios, de ser implementados, apoyarían sectores de la economía que contribuyen a la economía, respetan los recursos naturales y utilizan insumos de manera eficiente sin recurrir a subsidios distorsivos.


	SMEs in Mexico: Issues and Policies Although small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Mexico make up most of the firms in the formal economy, they are hampered by a lack of financing and skilled workers. This book assesses the comprehensive SME policies introduced by the Federal Government during the past six years. While lauding the improvements achieved by the new policy measures, including better access to financing, reduced lead times for firm creation, and higher survival rates, the review cautions that the capacity of states and local authorities to absorb federal policy programmes needs to be enhanced and tailor-made initiatives in favour of micro firms need to be expanded. In addition, the review makes practical recommendations on how to improve policy co-ordination, create an efficiency evaluation culture at all levels of government, and strengthen the entrepreneurial business environment.


	OECD e-Government Studies Mexico This review is the first study that undertakes an in-depth analysis of e-government in Mexico from a whole-of-government perspective. Mexico completed the initial phase of setting up and delivering e-government services successfully, but the continuing public demands to improve government have made the country realise the importance of refocusing the strategy to find a way of making e-government improve the overall quality of government. This report analyses and assesses these challenges and provides a set of proposals for action to deal with the most actual and pressing questions of e-government in Mexico. It systematically looks at the structure and context for e-government, the case for e-government, external barriers to e-government, planning and leadership, organisational change, collaboration fostered by e-government, making government more customer-focused through e-government, and monitoring and evaluation. This book includes case studies, a statistical annex, and a bibliography.


	Estudios de la OCDE sobre los Sistemas de Salud: Mexico Las condiciones de salud de la población mexicana han experimentado un progreso marcado durante las décadas más recientes y las autoridades han intentado mejorar el funcionamiento del sistema de salud. Sin embargo, la política de salud en México enfrenta retos importantes para garantizar el acceso universal al aseguramiento y mejorar la eficiencia del sistema. En primera instancia, este Análisis del Sistema de Salud en México presenta un panorama de la organización del sistema, resalta sus principales fortalezas y debilidades. A continuación, evalúa el desempeño del sistema con respecto a los objetivos de política: acceso, calidad, respuesta del sistema y trato adecuado, eficiencia y sustentabilidad financiera. Por último, el estudio analiza las reformas recientes y su impacto potencial, así como los renglones en los que podría requerirse la puesta en marcha de políticas adicionales para fortalecer el sistema.


	OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform Mexico: Progress in Implementing Regulatory Reform This comprehensive review of Mexican regulatory policy outlines progress made by Mexico since the 1999 review conducted by the OECD, and makes recommendations for further reforms aimed at promoting investment and boosting productivity and competitiveness. In particular, the review examines the government's capacity to assure high quality regulation, the extent of market openness, and the performance of regulatory agencies for energy, water, financial services, and telecommunications. A special chapter looks at electricity, for which OECD recommends important changes.


	Analisis de los resultados medioambientales Evaluacion del Desempeño Ambiental Mexico Este libro es parte del Programa de Evaluaciones de Desempeño Ambiental de la OCDE, el cual conduce exámenes entre pares sobre las condiciones ambientales y el progreso de cada país miembro. El Programa hace un seguimiento detallado de los esfuerzos orientados a alcanzar los objetivos nacionales y a cubrir los compromisos internacionales. Los análisis presentados están apoyados por un amplio espectro de datos económicos y ambientales que devienen en recomendaciones para un subsecuente progreso ambiental y de desarrollo sustentable. El primer ciclo de Evaluaciones del Desempeño Ambiental se terminó en el año 2000, abarcando a todos los países miembros. El segundo ciclo se enfoca al análisis de la gestión del medio ambiente, desarrollo sustentable y compromisos internacionales.


	Infraestructura y Desarrollo Territorial en México: Una nueva politica publica para el desarrollo What is the potential impact of decentralisation on social and economic conditions in Mexico's urban and rural regions? How can public and private investment in local infrastructure better meet local needs, and promote economic development? Can local development help reduce social and economic inequalities? This publication sheds light on the issue of decentralisation in Mexico. It shows that decentralisation can make decision-making more efficient and increase local participation in development issues. Decentralisation can provide a better framework to improve local infrastructure and to channel the necessary finance from public and private sources. The modernisation of infrastructure systems in Mexico's cities and regions would improve the quality of life and stimulate economic development, thus fostering entrepreneurship and employment. The initiatives being launched in Mexico in this direction constitute a major change of the country, one better adapted to the opportunities of the global economy and to the country's increasingly pluralistic system. Over time, Mexico will make better use of its own natural and human resources, reducing inequality and broadening opportunity throughout its territory.


	Revisiones de la OCDE sobre reforma regulatoria Reforma Regulatoria en México: Volumen I La Reforma Regulatoria ha sido clave para la transformación de la economía mexicana en los últimos quince años. De una economía cerrada y sobreregulada, la economía mexicana es ahora en gran medida abierta y fundada en principios de mercado. El ritmo acelerado, el amplio alcance y la profundidad de las reformas regulatorias exceden a aquéllas de la mayoría de los países miembros de la OCDE. Estas reformas han ya producido importantes beneficios para México, y en particular han incrementado su flexibilidad económica permitiéndole recuperarse de las crisis económicas. No obstante, los beneficios de la reforma han sido mermados por la crisis macroeconómica de la década de los noventa. Es necesaria ahora una atención sostenida para completar e instrumentar reformas que establezcan las condiciones para una competencia y un acceso al mercado vigorosos, reforzando a la vez la capacidad del Estado mexicano para utilizar instrumentos regulatorios de gran calidad y transparencia para llevar a cabo las políticas públicas. Un período de varios años de estabilidad de las políticas que logre un crecimiento basado en principios de mercado puede producir beneficios amplios y duraderos para los consumidores y las empresas mexicanos. México fue uno de los primeros países de la OCDE en solicitar una revisión detallada por parte de la OCDE sobre sus prácticas y reformas regulatorias.


	Education, Migration and Productivity: An Analytic Approach and Evidence from Rural Mexico This book challenges the assumption that the major benefits of investment in rural education accrue to traditional agricultural activities, such as staples production. Indeed, rural economies are much more complex than such an assumption would allow and the benefits from education are, therefore, rather dispersed, and vary significantly according to the level of educational attainment achieved. The authors have carried out a survey of rural households in Mexico, taking into account educational levels, not only of the head of household, but also of the other members of the family. Their overriding purpose is to present an approach for analysing education-migration-productivity interactions, to test this approach using real-world data, and to draw relevant conclusions for educational and development policy. The result is an analytical tool of great practical interest for policy makers, as well as for specialists who might wish to extend the technique to other societies and situations.


	OECD Reviews of Tertiary Education Mexico In many OECD countries, tertiary education systems have experienced rapid growth over the last decade. With tertiary education increasingly seen as a fundamental pillar for economic growth, these systems must now address the pressures of a globalising economy and labour market. Within governance frameworks that encourage institutions, individually and collectively, to fulfil multiple missions, tertiary education systems must aim for the broad objectives of growth, full employment and social cohesion. In this context, the OECD launched a major review of tertiary education with the participation of 24 nations. The principal objective of the review is to assist countries in understanding how the organisation, management and delivery of tertiary education can help them achieve their economic and social goals. Mexico is one of 14 countries which opted to host a Country Review, in which a team of external reviewers carried out an in-depth analysis of tertiary education policies. This report includes: an overview of Mexico's tertiary education system; - an account of trends and developments in tertiary education in Mexico; - an analysis of the strengths and challenges in tertiary education in Mexico; and - recommendations for future policy development.