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Contact person: Kevin PARRIS |
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Email: Kevin.PARRIS@oecd.org |
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Tel : |
(33-1) 45 24 95 68 |
Fax : |
(33-1) 44 30 61 02 |
DEFINITIONS AND SOURCES
Country Total Support Estimate (TSE) and derived indicators in Table 1 cover all agricultural production, i.e., all agricultural commodities produced in the country. Definitions of basic data sets refer to the specific name of the programmes with specific sources indicated in square brackets. For the Producer Support Estimates (PSE) and Consumer Support Estimates (CSE), the description of policy measures indicates the commodities covered by the measures. "MPS commodities", which vary across countries, are those for which market price support is explicitly calculated in Table 2.
Market
Price Support (MPS) and Consumer Support Estimates (CSE) by commodity in Table
2 are calculated for the following commodities: wheat, barley, oats, rice,
sorghum, soybeans, sunflower, rapeseed, sugar, milk, beef and veal, pigmeat, poultry meat, sheep meat, wool, eggs and cotton.
Definitions are provided only for basic data sets from which all the other data
sets in this table are derived, following the formula indicated in each
commodity table. Specific sources are indicated in square brackets.
Definitions of the indicators, criteria of classification of programmes included, and methods of calculation can be seen
in OECD, Methodology for the measurement of support and use in policy
evaluation [http://www.oecd.org/agr/policy].
Fiscal
year: for example,
Crop
and livestock years: Vary according to commodities, but for example 2005 – 2006
crop or livestock year is attributed to year 2005. Statistics on production,
consumption and prices of livestock products refer to the year beginning 1
July, for example: production of wheat in crop year 2005-2006 is attributed to
the calendar year 2005.
Statistics
on production, consumption and prices of crops refer, in the main, to crops
sown during the year beginning 1 April. Statistics on wheat, for example, refer
to grain sown during the period from April to September and harvested between
October and the following February -- i.e., the 2005-06 season (2005 for
PSE/CSE purposes) relates to the harvesting period October 2005 to February
2006. Crop years are defined as relating to a 12-month harvest period beginning
the first day of the following months: October for wheat, November for barley
and oats, March for sorghum and July for sugar.
In
the case of rice, the statistics relate to total national production, but the
crop years differ by State. That for
Table 2. Market Price
Support and Consumer Support Estimates by Commodity
Definitions:
I.
Level of production
Cereals: Total production of grain [1], [2],
[3]. See general notes for crop year definitions.
Rice: Total paddy production [1], [2], [3].
Oilseeds: Total production of oilseeds as
received at crushers [1], [2], [3].
Sugar: Total cane sugar acquired by crushers
between May and December, multiplied by 0.96. [1], [2].
Milk: Total production including milk intake
by factories between 1 July and the following 30 June and the whole milk
equivalent of farm cream intake, but excluding milk produced for on-farm use.
Quantities in litres are multiplied by 1.031 / 1000,
to convert them into tonnes. [1] [2]
Beef and veal: Total production in carcass weight of
slaughterings (including dairy cattle) and for canned
meat production. [1] [2]
Pigmeat: Total
production in carcass weight of slaughterings,
including for canned meat production. [1] [2]
Poultry: Total production of poultry meat
(chicken, turkeys and ducks) in carcass weight of slaughterings,
including for canned meat production. [1] [2]
Sheepmeat: total
production in carcass weight of mutton and lamb slaughterings
(including for canned meat production), and sheep exported live. [1] [2]
Wool: Total production in greasy equivalent
weight of shorn wool (includes crutching), dead and fellmongered
wool and wool exported on skins. [1] [2]
Eggs: Commercial egg production, excluding
Tasmanian production. For the period 1986-2004, it is calculated by multiplying
production in million dozen by 0.665; except for the year 1989, it is estimated
by dividing gross value of production by gross unit value [4].
II.
Producer prices
Cereals and oilseeds: Implicit price measured at the
farm-gate, obtained by dividing the value of production by the level of
production. [1] [2] [4]
Sugar: Implicit price received by cane
growers, obtained by dividing the value of production of raw sugar by the level
of production of raw sugar, and by 0.96. [1] [2] [4]
Milk: Implicit price at the farm-gate,
obtained by dividing the average gross return at the farm-gate by the level of
production. [1] [2] [4]
Meats: Implicit price at the farm-gate,
obtained by dividing the value of production (intake by abattoirs, valued at
the farm gate, plus estimated value of live animal exports) by the level of
production. [1] [2] [4]
Wool: Implicit price measured at the
farm-gate, obtained by dividing the value of production by the level of
production. [1] [2] [4]
Eggs: Implicit price measured at the
farm-gate, obtained by dividing the value of production by the level of
production. Since 1994, OECD Secretariat estimates have been based on the gross
value of production reported by ABARE [2].
IV.
Level of consumption
Cereals: Total consumption of grains for food,
feed and seed. [1] [3]
Rice: Total consumption of rice, in paddy
weight, derived by multiplying apparent consumption of milled rice by 1.625.
[1] [2] [5]
Oilseeds: T otal
consumption of soybeans, sunflower seeds, and rapeseed (including linseed and
safflower seed), all uses, calculated as production minus exports [3].
Sugar: Volume acquired for domestic refining
multiplied by 0.96. [1] [2]
Milk: Consumption of market (fresh) milk --
assumed equal to production; plus the consumption of milk products in
milk-equivalent, estimated separately for butter, cheese, condensed whole milk
and whole milk powder by multiplying domestic consumption of each product by a
specific milk yield factor. [1], OECD Secretariat estimates.
Beef and veal: Total apparent consumption of beef
and veal, carcass weight. [1], [6].
Pigmeat:: Total
apparent consumption of pigmeat (pork plus bacon and
ham), carcass weight [1], [6].
Poultry: Apparent consumption, carcass weight
equivalent of whole birds, pieces and giblets [1], [6].
Sheepmeat:: Total
consumption of mutton and lamb, carcass weight [1], [6].
Wool: Consumption of virgin wool by the
wool textile industry (greasy equivalent) [1]. OECD Secretariat estimates.
Eggs: Consumption assumed to be equal to
production.
VII.
Reference prices
Wheat: Unit value of exports of
wheat and flour [1], [2].
Rice: In 1986, unit value of exports
(f.o.b.) of untreated milled white rice (weighted by domestic disposals of
medium and long-grain rice) [7]; since 1987, weighted average of export prices
for medium and long-grained rice [1], [2]. The MPS is calculated by comparing
the reference price to the weighted average of domestic wholesale prices of the
same types of rice.
Sugar: The reference price is the net
returns to millers from export sales. 1986-1996, based on
calculations by the Industry Commission. Estimated according to a
formula that converts the price of raw sugar, f.o.b. Caribbean ports into an
estimated sugar price, f.o.b. Thai ports. Adding freight and insurance costs to
Australia yields a landed price of raw sugar, c.i.f. Queensland. To the latter
price is added the per-tonne tariff rate to yield the
import parity price to refiners, which is then increased by 2.75% to adjust for
the price premium on Australian sugar. From this number is subtracted an
estimate of domestic freight and handling costs, and pool expenses, to yield an
estimate of the average net return to millers from domestic sales. The returns
to millers from export sales is estimated by taking the f.o.b. Thai port price,
adjusting it for polarisation differences, and
subtracting export and pool expenses. Sugar tariff was removed in 1997 thus
eliminating MPS. [1] [2] [8] [9]
Milk:
Border prices of butter, SMP and cheese converted into a milk equivalent border
price using technical coefficients minus a processing margin, calendar year.
The border price of butter is the “average unit export value of butter” [1],
the border price of SMP is “average unit export value of skimmed milk powder”
[1]. The processing margin is calculated as the difference between the domestic
wholesale price (domestic wholesale prices of butter and SMP converted into a
milk equivalent price using technical coefficients) and the producer price. The domestic wholesale price of Butter [1] [6] and the domestic wholesale price of SMP [1] [6].
Sources:
[1]
Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics (ABARE),
"Australian Commodity Statistics", various years, (
[2]
Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics (ABARE),
"Australian Commodities – Forecasts and Issues", various years,
(Canberra: AGPS, December issue). Note that from 1989 through 1993 this
publication went under the title "Agriculture and Resources
Quarterly"; prior to that it was published under the title,
"Quarterly Review of the Rural Economy".
[3]
Australian Bureau of Agricultural Economics (ABARE), "Crop Report",
December issue, various years (Canberra: ABARE).
[4]
Australian Bureau of Statistics, "Value of Agricultural Commodities Produced
--
[5] DAFF
replies to the OECD Agricultural Directorate's "Medium-Term Market
Developments and Policies Questionnaire".
[6]
AGLINK model database.
[7]
Industries Assistance Commission, The Rice Industry,
Report No. 407 (
1987),
p. 77.
[8]
Industry Commission, "Annual Report" (various years).
[9]
Productivity Commission, "Trade & Assistance Review 1997-98".