MEXICO: ESTIMATES OF SUPPORT TO AGRICULTURE
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Contact person: Wyatt Thompson |
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Email: wyatt.thompson@oecd.org |
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Tel : |
(33-1) 45 24 95 40 |
Fax : |
(33-1) 44 30 61 01 |
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DEFINITIONS AND SOURCES
Country Total Support Estimate (TSE) and derived indicators in Table 1 cover all agricultural production, i.e. all agricultural commodities produced in the country. Definitions of basic data sets refer to the specific name of the programmes. For the Producer Support Estimates (PSE) and Consumer Support Estimates (CSE), the description of policy measures indicates the commodities covered by the measures. "MPS commodities", which vary across countries, are those for which market price support is explicitly calculated in Table 2.
Market Price Support (MPS) and Consumer Support Estimates (CSE) by commodity in Table 2 are only calculated for commodities produced in the country within a common set of commodities (wheat, maize, barley, oats, rice, sorghum, soybeans, sunflower, rapeseed, sugar, milk, beef and veal, pigmeat, poultrymeat, sheepmeat, wool and eggs); provided that the value of production of that commodity exceeds 1 per cent of the total value of production in the country concerned. Market Price Support is also calculated for beans (frijol), tomatoes and coffee (café verde) in order to reduce the error in extrapolating MPS to all agricultural commodities. Definitions are provided only for basic data sets from which all the other data sets in this table are derived, following the formula indicated in each commodity table. Specific sources are indicated in square brackets.
Definitions of the
indicators, criteria of classification of programmes included, and methods of
calculation can be seen in OECD, Methodology for the measurement of support
and use in policy evaluation [http://www.oecd.org/agr/policy].
Fiscal year: Calendar year.
Crop years: Each crop year covers two crop seasons. For example crop seasons Autumn-Winter (AW) 1993/94 and Spring-Summer (SS) 1994/94, of the crop year 1993/94, are attributed to year 1994 for PSE calculation purposes.
Table 2. Market price support and
consumer support estimate by commodity
Definitions:
1. Level of production
Wheat (trigo grano), Maize
(maíz grano), Barley
(cebada grano), Sorghum
(sorgo grano), Rice (arroz palay), Soyabeans (soya), Dried
beans (frijol), Tomatoes (jitomate)
and Coffee
(café verde): Total farm level production during the
crop year [1].
Sugar: Total level of production of sugar cane (cana de azucar)
and refined sugar during the crop year [1], [2] and [3]. A ratio sugar cane /
refined sugar is calculated from these series.
Milk (leche de bovino): Total level of
production in litres as reported by SAGAR [4], multiplied by a coefficient of
1.031 / 1000 to express in tonnes.
Beef
and Veal (carne de bovino en canal) and Pigmeat (carne de porcino en
canal): Gross indigenous production expressed in carcass weight, including
exports of live animals in carcass weight equivalent [4], minus imports of live
animals in carcass weight equivalent [20].
Poultrymeat (aves): Gross indigenous
production, live weight (chicken and turkey) expressed in carcass weight [4].
Eggs (huevo): Total egg production in tonnes [4].
2.
Producer price
Wheat: Weighted average of administered prices of wheat (precio piso de bodega) in the AW
and SS seasons [1]. Since 2001 there are not administered prices and price paid
to producer is used (Precios de granos
y oleaginosas pagados al productor) is used [4].
Maize: Average of administered prices of white maize in AW
and SS seasons [6]. For 1990-1995 yellow maize price was also considered in the
weighted average (5% of total). Since 2001 there are not administered prices
and price paid to producer is used (Precios de granos y oleaginosas pagados al productor) is used
[4].
Barley: Average of administered prices for AW and SS seasons [7].
Since 2001 there are not administered prices and price paid to producer is used
(Precios de granos y oleaginosas pagados al productor) is used [4].
Sorghum: Average of administered prices for AW and SS seasons
[7]. Since 2001 there are not administered prices and price paid to producer is
used (Precios de granos y oleaginosas pagados al productor) is used [4].
Rice: Average of administered prices for paddy rice for AW
and SS seasons [7]. Since 2001 there are not administered prices and price paid
to producer is used (Precios de granos
y oleaginosas pagados al productor) is used [4].
Soyabean: Average of
administered prices for paddy rice for AW and SS seasons [7]. Since 2001 there
are not administered prices and price paid to producer is used (Precios de granos y oleaginosas pagados al productor) is used [4].
Raw
sugar: Until 1994, annual average
of monthly wholesale price of raw sugar (mascabado)
from Camara Nacional de Industrias Azucareras; since then
"precio de referencia
de azucar base standard KABE from COAZUCAR with a
correction coefficient from an average of overlapping years * 0.926.
Sugar cane: Average producer price of sugar cane,
[2] (until 1989) and [3] since 1990.
Milk: Border prices of butter and SMP (skimmed
milk powder) converted into a milk equivalent border price using technical
coefficients minus a processing margin, calendar year. The border prices of
butter and skimmed milk powder are the average import prices (c.i.f. prices) of
butter and skimmed milk powder [13]. The processing margin is calculated as a
simple average of the processing margins for the four main exporting countries:
Australia, EU, New Zealand and the United States.
Beef and veal: Weighted average wholesale price
carcass equivalent (Precio medio
ponderado en canal), reduced by a producer /
wholesale margin of 30%.[1] and [8].
Pigmeat: Weighted average
wholesale price carcass equivalent (Precio promedio ponderado en canal)
reduced by a wholesale / producer margin of 30% [7].
Poultrymeat: Weighted average
price carcass equivalent (Producer price of processed poultry (“rosticero”) provided by SAGAR [1] from the "Union Nacional de Avicultores”.
Eggs: Producer price of
white eggs provided by SAGAR from the "Union Nacional
de Avicultores" [1].
Dried
beans: Average of prices paid to
producers for AW and SS seasons [4].
Tomatoes: Average producer price in rural areas (precio medio rural) [1] corrected
by a producer / wholesale margin of 15% [16].
Coffee: Average producer
price in rural areas (precio medio
rural) [1].
3.
Level of consumption
Wheat (trigo grano), Maize (maíz grano), Barley (cebada grano), Sorghum
(sorgo grano), Rice (arroz palay), Soyabeans (soya), Rice (arroz
palay), Dried
beans (frijol) and Tomatoes (jitomate):
Apparent consumption defined as production plus imports minus exports [4] and
[9].
Sugar: Sum of industrial
and household consumption of refined sugar [10] (up to 1993) [3].
Milk: Apparent
consumption defined as production plus imports minus exports [1] and [4].
Beef
and veal, pigmeat, poultrymeat and
eggs: Domestic apparent consumption in carcass weight equivalent, defined as
gross indigenous production plus total imports minus total exports [5] and [7].
Coffee: Apparent
consumption defined as production plus imports minus exports [17].
4. Reference
prices
Wheat: Simple average of the US hard red winter (HRW) No 2
[11] and the US soft red winter (SRW) No 2 [12]. A transportation cost to Gulf
of 11 US$/t. is added.
Maize: US export price
of yellow maize [11]. Weighted average of yellow and white
maize with a 95% weight to white maize, and the white maize price being
calculated by adding a 20% quality premium to the US export price of yellow
maize. A transportation cost to Gulf of 11 US$/t. is added.
Barley: Canadian malting barley price as SS2R designated
barley [19] plus transportation cost to gulf of 14 US$ pert tonne.
Sorghum: US export price [11]. A transportation cost to Gulf
of 11 US$/t. is added.
Rice: Until 1993, Gulf
medium grain price [13]; since 1994, Fob Houston long grain [11], multiplied by
a factor correction of 0.89 from an average of overlapping years, and converted
from milled rice price into paddy equivalent price by multiplying by a
technical coefficient of 0.66 [7] until 1993, and 0.5 from 1994 onwards. A
transportation cost to Gulf of 11 US$/t. is added.
Soyabean: US export price
Gulf [11]. A transportation cost to Gulf of 11 US$/t. is added.
Sugar: World Raw sugar
price, contract 11, FOB Caribbean [14].
Milk: Farm gate price of milk, calendar year, actual fat
content (x%) in New Zealand, plus transport cost for butter and skimmed milk
powder in milk equivalent (56kg and 82kg per tonne of milk, respectively) from
New Zealand to Mexico (Pnz), adjusted to fat content
(y%) in Mexico [15], the reference price being (Pnz)*[(x%)+(y%)]/2*(x%).
Beef
and veal: Australian production price
plus transport costs from Australia to US. Data from
Australian PSE database.
Pigmeat and poultrymeat: US producer price minus unit export subsidies (see US
section) plus constant transport costs of 80$ per tonne.
Eggs: US producer price
minus unit export subsidies (see US section) plus transport costs to Canada
(75C$ constant).
Dried
beans: United States Pinto dry
beans [11].
Tomatoes: Unit export value to the United States [18].
Coffee: United States composite green price [11].
Sources:
[1] Secretaria de Agricultura,
Ganaderia y Desarrollo Rural (SAGAR): Servicio de Informacion y Estadistica agroalimentaria y pesquera".
[2] SAGAR: "Boletín estadístico azucarero".
[3] Comité de la Agroindustria Azucarera
(COAZUCAR).
[4] Informes del Gobierno.
[5] OECD: AGLINK Database.
[6] Data directly provided by CONASUPO.
[7] Smin-CEA-SAGAR.
[8] Confederacion Nacional de Ganaderos (CNG): "Mexico ganadero".
[9] SAGAR: "Historical Agricultural Series: 1925-1997".
[10] Sexto Informe del Gobierno. 1994.
[11] USDA Outlook series, by commodity (e.g. wheat, feed grains, rice, etceteras).
[12] International Wheat Council: "World Grain Statistics".
[13] FAO. Commodity Price statistics.
[14] USDA Sugar and Sweetener Outlook.
[15] Liconsa.
[16] Turkey PSE database.
[17] Report from the International Coffee Organisation.
[18] Secretariá e Hacienda y Crédito Público.
[19] Canadian Cereals and Oilseeds Review.
[20] Subsecretaria de Negociaciones Comerciales Internacionales