RUSSIA : ESTIMATES OF SUPPORT TO AGRICULTURE

 

DEFINITIONS AND SOURCES

GENERAL NOTES

Country Total Support Estimate (TSE) and derived indicators in Table 1 cover all agricultural production, i.e. all agricultural commodities produced in the country.

Market Price Support (MPS) and Consumer Support Estimate (CSE) by commodity in Tables 2 are calculated for the following commodities: wheat, maize, other grains (rye, barley, and oats), oilseeds (sunflower), sugar, milk, beef and veal, pigmeat, poultrymeat, and eggs. Definitions are provided only for basic data sets from which all the other data sets in these tables are derived, following the formula indicated in each commodity table. Specific sources are indicated in square brackets.

Level of production and consumption, producer prices and reference prices for all products, as well as budgetary payments are on a calendar year basis.

All values are expressed in new Russian rubles (RUB).

 MARKET PRICE SUPPORT AND CONSUMER SUPPORT ESTIMATE
BY COMMODITY (TABLE 2)

Definitions:

I.     Level of production 

Wheat, maize, other grains (rye, barley, oats) and oilseeds: Total domestic production [1].

Sugar: Total usable production of white sugar obtained from domestically produced sugar beet; calculated by multiplying the volume of sugar beet domestically produced by the sugar extraction rate from sugar beet [1].

Milk: Total production of milk from dairy cows, goats, sheep and horse [1].

Meats: Gross indigenous production, expressed in carcass weight [1].

Eggs: Total usable production of eggs in shell [1].

II.   Producer prices

Wheat, maize, other grains (rye, barley, oats) and oilseeds (sunflower): Annual average of farm gate prices received by producers of all types (agricultural enterprises, family farms and household producers), and through all marketing channels, all qualities [1].

Sugar: Annual average of sugar beet prices at farm gate received by producers of all types (agricultural enterprises, family farms and household producers) through all marketing channels, converted into white sugar equivalent by dividing sugar beet price by the sugar extraction ratio from sugar beet [1].

Milk: Annual average of farm gate prices of cow milk received by producers of all types (agricultural enterprises, family farms and household producers) through all marketing channels [1].

Beef and Veal: for 1986-2002 – annual average of farm gate prices of live animals received by producers of all types (agricultural enterprises, family farms and household producers) through all marketing channels, expressed in carcass weight equivalent; for 2003-05 – annual average of farm gate prices of live animals received by agricultural enterprises, expressed in carcass weight equivalent [1].

Pigmeat: for 1986-2002 – annual average of farm gate prices of live pigs received by producers of all types (agricultural enterprises, family farms and household producers) through all marketing channels, expressed in carcass weight equivalent; for 2003-05 – annual average of farm gate prices of live pigs received by agricultural enterprises, expressed in carcass weight equivalent [1].

Poultry: for 1986-2002 – annual average of farm gate prices of live chickens received by producers of all types (agricultural enterprises, family farms and household producers) through all marketing channels, expressed in carcass weight equivalent; for 2003-05 – annual average of farm gate prices of live chickens received by agricultural enterprises, expressed in carcass weight equivalent [1].

Eggs: for 1986-2004 – annual average of farm gate prices of fresh eggs for consumption received by producers of all types (agricultural enterprises, family farms and household producers) through all marketing channels; for 2005 – annual farm gate prices of fresh eggs for consumption received by agricultural enterprises; prices reported per one thousand pieces converted into per tonne equivalent assuming the weight of one egg equal to 56 g [1].

III.  Value of production (at farm gate) [(I)*(II)]

IV.  Level of consumption 

Wheat, maize, other grains (rye, barley, oats) and oilseeds (sunflower): Total domestic use (total production, plus net trade, plus change in stocks) [3].

White sugar: Total domestic use in white sugar equivalent (total production, plus net trade, plus change in stocks) [1].

Milk: Total domestic use (total production, plus net trade, plus change in stocks) of cow milk, milk equivalent excluding milk used on farm as feed [1].

Beef and veal, pigmeat and poultry: Total domestic use (total production, plus net trade, plus change in stocks), expressed in carcass weight [2].

Eggs: Total domestic use (total production, plus net trade, plus change in stocks) [1].

V.    Consumption prices (at farm gate)

Implicit prices corresponding to reference prices plus the unit value of market transfers.

VI.  Value of consumption (at farm gate) [(IV)*(V)]

VII. Reference prices

Wheat: for 1986-2000 – EU export price of standard quality wheat (FCW 2) to specified zones, f.o.b. Rouen, calendar year [4], plus international freight [6], net of domestic handling and transportation costs [10, 11]; for 2001-05 – average unit value of Russian exports of wheat (NCM 100190) to all destinations [7], net of Russian domestic handling and transportation costs [10, 11].

Maize: EU import price of USA Yellow Corn No. 3, c.i.f. Rotterdam, calendar year, extrapolated using the US Gulf No. 3 Yellow f.o.b. since 2002 [4], plus international freight [6], net of Russian domestic handling and transportation costs [10, 11].

Barley: for 1986-1999 – EU export price, f.o.b. French (Rouen), calendar year [4], plus international freight [6], net of domestic handling and transportation costs [10, 11]; for 2000-05 – average unit value of Russian exports of barley (NCM 100300) to all destinations [7], net of Russian domestic handling and transportation costs [10, 11].

Oats: EU import price, c.i.f. Rotterdam and f.o.b. Sweden price from 1995 onwards, calendar year, from 2004 updated using the trend in the unit value of extra-EU15 imports  [4], plus international freight [6], net of Russian domestic handling and transportation costs [10, 11].

Rye: for 1986-1999 – average unit value of German rye exports to non EU-members countries [5], plus international freight [6], net of domestic handling and transportation costs [10, 11]; for 2000-05 – f.o.b. export unit values of German milling rye [6], plus international transport cost [6], net of Russian handling and transportation costs [10, 11].

Oilseeds (sunflower): average unit value of Russian exports of sunflower seeds (NCM 120600) [7, 8], net of Russian domestic handling and transportation costs [10, 11].

Sugar beet/ white sugar: prices of white sugar, Paris, contract No. 2, European ports in bags of 50 kg, calendar year; as of 2000, London prices [4], net of Russian domestic processing, handling and transportation costs [9, 10, 11].

Milk (reference price): for 1986-2000 – New Zealand farm gate price of milk (NZP), calendar year, actual fat content (a %), adjusted for Russian fat content (b%), NZP *( b% / a%). The reference price is New Zealand farm gate price adjusted for Russian fat content plus transport cost for butter and skimmed-milk powder in milk equivalent (56 kg and 82 kg per tonne of milk, respectively) from New Zealand to Europe [4]; for 2001-05 – border prices of butter and SMP converted into a milk equivalent border price, using technical coefficients minus a processing margin, calendar year. The border price of butter is the average unit value of Russian imports of butter (NCM 040500) [7], the border price of SMP is the average unit value of Russian imports of skimmed milk powder (NCM 040210) [7].

Beef and Veal: for 1986-1999 – average unit value of EU exports in extra-EU trade of meat of bovine animal, fresh and chilled (code 0111, SITC, Rev. 3), in carcass weight equivalent, calendar year  [4], net of domestic processing, handling and transportation costs [9, 10, 11]; for 2000-05 – average unit value of Russian imports of bovine carcasses and half carcasses, frozen (NCM 020210) [7], net of Russian domestic processing, handling and transportation costs [9, 10, 11].

Pigmeat: average unit value of EU exports in extra-EU trade of meat of swine, fresh, chilled or frozen (Code 0122, SITC Rev3), less exports to Japan, in carcass weight equivalent, calendar year  [4], net of Russian domestic processing, handling and transportation costs [9, 10, 11].

Poultrymeat: for 1986-1999 – average unit value of EU exports in extra-EU trade of 65% and 70% chickens, fresh, chilled or frozen since 1989 (weighted average of CN 02071190 and CN 02071290 of external trade statistics), before 1989 – frozen (NIMEXE Code 020203), in carcass weight equivalent, calendar year [ [4], calendar year, net of handling and transportation costs [9, 10, 11]; for 2000-05 – average unit value of Russian imports of fowls, domestic, whole, frozen (NCM 020721) [7], net of Russian domestic handling and transportation costs [9, 10, 11].

Eggs: average unit value of EU exports in extra-EU trade of poultry eggs in shell, fresh or preserved, other than eggs for hatching (NIMEXE Code 040514 and since 1988 CN 04070030 of external trade statistics), calendar year  [4], net of Russian domestic handling and transportation costs [9, 10, 11].

Sources:

[1] Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation (FSSS).

[2] FAOSTAT.

[3] USDA Economics and Statistics System: The Foreign Agricultural Service's Production, Supply and Distribution (PS&D).

[4] OECD PSE/CSE database for the European Union, 2006.

[5] EUROSTAT COMEXT database.

[6] International Grains Council (IGC).

[7] UN COMTRADE database.

[8] Statistics of the Customs Committee of the Russian Federation .

[9] Prices in Russia , FSSS, Moscow, various editions.

[10] Annual Reports on railway transportation costs, Russian Research Institute for Railway Transport.

[11] Russian railway tariffs database (www.rtarif.ru).