Date of publication
28 June 2011

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With a total population of 92 million people, near universal literacy and abundant energy resources, Central Asia is an attractive destination for investment and trade.  The region is strategically located at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, and surrounded by some of the world’s fastest-growing economies such as Russia, India and China, who are increasingly investing in the region. From 2000 to2009, foreign direct investment flows into Central Asia increased almost ninefold, while the region’s gross domestic product grew on average by 8.2% annually.

While Central Asia is endowed with many natural and human resources that could drive its economies to even higher levels of competitiveness, the poor quality of the region’s business environment remains a major obstacle. Key areas for improvement include reinforcing legal and economic institutions; prioritizing the development of the small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) sector; and building the capacity of business intermediary organisations.

This Central Asia Competitiveness Outlook examines the key policies that would increase competitiveness in Central Asia and reduce dependence on the natural resource sector, namely through developing human capital, improving access to finance, and capturing more and better investment opportunities. It was carried out in collaboration with the World Economic Forum under the aegis of the OECD Central Asia Initiative, a regional programme that contributes to economic growth and competitiveness in Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. The Initiative is part of the wider OECD Eurasia Competitiveness Programme.

Table of contents

Chapter 1. The competitiveness potential of Central Asia (pdf)

Chapter 2. Strengthening pillars of competitiveness

Chapter 3. Developing human capital

Chapter 4. Supporting access to finance for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises

Chapter 5. Capturing more and better investments

Chapter 6. Diversifying FDI and developing competitiveness strategies: The case of Kazakhstan

Left to right: Austrian Minister of Foreign Affairs Michael Spindelegger, Prime Minister of Kazakhstan Karim Massimov, President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev, President of Ukraine Viktor Yanukovych, OECD Secretary-General Angel Gurría, and the Chancellor of Austria Werner Faymann

The Central Asia Competitiveness Outlook was launched at the World Economic Forum in Davos on 27 January 2011

Key findings (pdf)

Remarks by OECD Secretary-General Angel Gurría (pdf)

The competitiveness potential of Central Asia (pdf)