Policy Brief: Prosecuting Cartels without Direct Evidence of Agreement

Cartels are agreements among competitors fixing prices, allocating markets or rigging tenders (bids). They are the most harmful of all types of competition law violations and should be sanctioned severely. Cartel cases are unique. The most important part of a cartel case is simply proving that such an agreement existed. But getting direct evidence of a cartel agreement can be difficult. Cartel operators work in secret and often do not

Policy Brief: Competition Law and Policy in Sweden

Sweden’s 1993 Competition Act (CA) remains the foundation of a broad policy approach that includes prohibitions against restrictive agreements and abuse of dominance, control of concentrations, advocacy and support for academic research. Enforcement of this legislation by the Swedish Competition Authority (SCA) marked a shift towards a judicial, rules-based approach.But after 15 years of experience with the reformed competition policy

Policy Brief: Competition and Barriers to Entry

Before a firm can compete in a market, it has to be able to enter it. Many markets have at least some impediments that make it more difficult for a firm to enter a market. A debate over how to define the term “barriers to entry” began decades ago, however, and it has yet to be won. Some scholars have argued, for example, that an obstacle is not an entry barrier if incumbent firms faced it when they entered the market. Others contend

Síntesis: Derecho y política de la competencia: Examen inter-pares – Argentina

En los últimos 25 años, Argentina ha avanzado considerablemente, aunque de manera irregular, hacia el establecimiento de una economía de mercado eficiente. En todos los países, las políticas de defensa de la competencia constituyen una componente importante de ese esfuerzo. Los avances de esas políticas en Argentina también han sido desiguales debido a que la turbulenta historia política y económica del país los ha afectado de muchas

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Policy Brief: Competition Law and Policy in Argentina

In the past 25 years Argentina has made considerable, if uneven, progress toward building a successful market economy. In any country, an effective competition policy is an important part of that effort. Argentina’s progress in competition policy has also been uneven, having been affected in many ways by the country’s turbulent political and economic history.Argentina’s first modern competition law was enacted in 1980. At the

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Competition Law and Policy in Chinese Taipei (Chinese version)

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Competition Law and Policy in Chinese Taipei

Competition law in Chinese Taipei has been an important element of the program of economic reforms that moved the economy from centrally directed emphasis on manufacturing and exports to a market-driven emphasis on services and high technology.

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Policy Brief: The Policy Framework for Investment

Private investment is essential for ensuring economic growth, sustainable development and poverty reduction. It increases the productive capacity of an economy, drives job creation, brings innovation and new technologies, and boosts income growth. But the amount of private investment, particularly in African and developing economies, falls short of development needs. And the benefits of investment in emerging and transition economies

Finland: Competition law and Policy in 2005

In this report, the country summarizes the main developments in competition law and policy in 2005.

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• Annual Reports by Country

Czech Republic: Competition Law and Policy in 2005

In this report, the country summarizes the main developments in competition law and policy in 2005.

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• Annual Reports by Country