Human capital plays a key role in the process of economic growth. It is an important determinant of individuals' earning capacity and employment prospects, and therefore influences the level and distribution of income in society.

The OECD reviews policies that influence the incentives to invest in human capital and the efficiency of the provision of educational services.  The OECD has also examined the impact of government financing arrangements on equity outcomes, and explored how internal efficiency in the provision of educational services can be promoted.