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About two-thirds of Dutch female workers opt for part-time jobs, bringing down the country’s average working time to one of the lowest levels in the OECD. It is often said that the preference of Dutch women for part-time work reflects a social norm strongly favouring family values. This chapter shows that the Dutch-specific prevalence of part-time work also reflects the influence of public policies, notably regarding the provision of childcare and the taxation of second earners. Recent government decisions have started to make it easier for people to work longer hours and take care of children at the same time. Facilities to help parents balance their work and care responsibilities have been expanded, such as with more abundant and cheaper childcare services, but not all obstacles have been removed. Moreover, the marginal effective tax burden on second earners remains high as social benefits are conditioned on family income, which creates incentives to work part time. Thus, more emphasis is needed in further reducing the marginal effective tax rate. This could include both measures to expand existing work-related tax credits as well as reconsidering the withdrawal of benefits when the income of second earners rises as they work longer hours.